Fulgide
In
ultraviolet light, converting between the E and Z isomers, both of which are typically colorless compounds. Unlike the more-stable Z isomer, the E isomer can also undergo a photochemically-induced electrocyclic reaction, forming a new ring and becoming a distinctly colored product called the C form.[1]
It is thus the two-step Z–C isomerization that is the photochromic change starting from the stable uncyclized form.
History
The first compound of this class was synthesized in 1905, with the name based on the Latin word "fulgere", meaning shiny, for the shiny and large variety of colors of the
Derivatives
Various other
carbonyl
structures have been studied, in addition to the original succinic anhydride. The goals includ controlling various chemical properties, photochemical properties, and embedding of this structural motif in more complex molecules.
Fulgimide
Fulgimide is an analog that has
carboxylic acid anhydride towards hydrolysis. It also involves a less-complicated synthetic process for attaching substituents onto the structural core.[1] The nitrogen atom provides a point of attachment for chains that can be cross-linked to form polymers.[5]
Fulgenolide
Fulgenolide is a
alkyl link. Fulgenolides have a larger quantum yield than other fulgide derivative and has a λmax of the C form in near IR-region.[1]
Fulgenate
Fulgenate is a diester analog. However, fulgenates do not have photochromic characteristics.[1]
References
- ^ PMID 11777417.
- .
- .
- .
- doi:10.1039/B002335N.