Gasterosteoidei

Gasterosteoidei
Three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Scorpaeniformes
Suborder:	Gasterosteoidei Pietsch,1978[1]
Type species
Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758
Families
See text

Gasterosteoidei is a

Gasterosteoidei is treated as a suborder within the order Scorpaeniformes in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World,[2] but in other phylogenetic classifications it is treated as the infraorder Gasterosteales within the suborder Cottoidei or as a sister clade to the Zoarcales in the order Zoarciformes.^[3] Indostomidae is included within Gasterosteoidei in Fishes of the World'^[2] but according to Betancur et al its inclusion in the clade renders it paraphyletic and they classify that family within the monotypic suborder Indostomoidei within the Synbranchiformes.^[3]

Historically, Gasterosteoidei was treated as a suborder within the order Gasterostiformes and often included the

Gasterosteoidei contains the following families and genera:[2]^[6]

• Family
  Hypoptychidae Steindachner
  , 1880 (Sand eel)
  • Hypoptychus
    Steindachner, 1880
• Family Aulorhynchidae Gill, 1861 (Tubesnouts)
  • Aulichthys Brevoort 1862
  • Aulorhynchus Gill, 1861
• Family
  Gasterosteidae Bonaparte
  , 1831 (Sticklebacks)
  • Apeltes DeKay, 1842
  • Culaea Whitley
    , 1950
  • Gasterosteus Linnaeus, 1758
  • d'Annone
    , 1760
  • Spinachia Cuvier, 1816
• Family
  Indostomidae Prashad & Mukerji
  , 1929 (Armoured sticklebacks)
  • Indostomus Prashad & Mukerji, 1929

Characteristics

Gasterosteoidei is characterised by the possession of a protractile upper jaw and a well developed upward pointing process on the premaxilla. The body is often armoured with dermal plates and paired dermal plates grow from membranes growing out fronm the

pelvic girdle

. If there are plates on the flanks these are often a single row of ossified lateral and dermal plates. Unpaired plates paired pelvic plates arising from a membranous outgrowth of the pelvic girdle; lateral body plates, when present, are represented by a single series of lateral and dermal ossifications. The unpaired plates on the body which create the dorsal and ventral series grow from the expanded proximal middle radials of the pterygiphores of the dorsal and anal fins. Separate pectoral radials do not develop during the fish's development and the pectoral radial plate is fused into a single unit on the scapulo-coracoid. They have very small mouths. There are between 1 and 6

standard length of 22 cm (8.7 in).^[7]

Distribution and habitat

Gasterodteoidei are found in the northern hemisphere, mostly within the temperate and Arctic regions,[2] the exception is the Indostomidae which are found in freshwater habitats in mainland Southeast Asia.^[8] The other groups can be found in fresh, brackish and salt water.^[2]

Timeline of genera

Source:^[9]

References

1. ^ "Gasterosteoidei (disused)". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
2. ^
   ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6
   .
3. ^
   PMID 28683774
   .
4. ^ "Gasterosteoidei". Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved 24 November 2022.
5. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.009
   .
6. PMID 25543675
   .
7. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2022). "Gasterosteidae" in FishBase. June 2022 version.
8. ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). Species of Indostomus in FishBase. June 2022 version.
9. ^ Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-05-17.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gasterosteiformes.

• Gasterosteiformes entry on Animal Diversity Web