General debate of the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly

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General Debate of the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly
← 67th 24 September – 4 October 2013 69th →
United Nations Headquarters
CitiesNew York City, United States
ParticipantsUnited Nations Member States
PresidentJohn William Ashe
Websitegadebate.un.org/en/sessions-archive/68

The General Debate of the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly commenced on 24 September 2013 and ended on 4 October 2013. Leaders from a number of member states addressed the UNGA. There was controversy in this session. Controversially, Libya broke with protocol.

Organisation and subjects

The order of speakers is given first to member states, then observer states and supranational bodies. Any other observers entities will have a chance to speak at the end of the debate, if they so choose. Speakers will be put on the list in the order of their request, with special consideration for ministers and other government officials of similar or higher rank. According to the rules in place for the General Debate, the statements should be in of the United Nations official languages of Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian or Spanish, and will be translated by the

United Nations translators. Each speaker is requested to provide 20 advance copies of their statements to the conference officers to facilitate translation and to be presented at the podium. Though there is no time limit for speeches, a voluntary guideline of 15 minutes is requested.[1][2]

In addition to commenting on issues of individual national and wider international relevance, the

President of the General Assembly John William Ashe chose the theme:[1] "The Post-2015 Development Agenda: Setting the Stage!." This means he calls on member states and other stakeholders "to promote dialogue, reflection and commitment to the formulation of an effective new agenda to overcome poverty and insecurity and ensure sustainable development."[3]

The topics of the General Debate included the

United Nations reform, climate change (particularly amongst the Small Island Developing States), Ashe's chosen subject and the Arms Trade Treaty
.

Speaking schedule

Saudi Arabia canceled its speech citing "international double standards" on the Middle East as the reason.[5]

The rest of the speaking schedule in the General Assembly Chamber is as follows:

24 September

Morning schedule[1]
Afternoon schedule[1]

25 September

Morning schedule[1]
Afternoon schedule[1]
  •  Serbia – President Tomislav Nikolić
  •  Chad – President
    Idriss Deby Itno
  •  Rwanda – President Paul Kagame
  •  Kiribati – President Anote Tong
  •  Poland – President
    Bronislaw Komorowski
  •  Swaziland – King Mswati III
  •  Georgia – President Mikheil Saakashvili
  •  El Salvador – President Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena (Scheduled)
  •  Micronesia – President
    Emanuel Mori
  •  El Salvador – President
    Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena
  •  Palau – President
    Tommy Remengesau Jr.
  •  Comoros – President Ikililou Dhoinine
  •  Bolivia – President
    Evo Morales Ayma
    0
  •  Spain – Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy Brey (Scheduled)
  •  Libya – President Ali Zeidan
  •  Trinidad and Tobago – Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar
  •  Spain – Prime Minister
    Mariano Rajoy Brey
  •  Tajikistan – Prime Minister Oqil Oqilov
  •  Cameroon – Foreign Minister Pierre Moukoko Mbonjo
  •  Norway – Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide
  •  Benin – Foreign Minister Nassirou Bako Arifari (Scheduled)

26 September

Morning schedule[1]
Afternoon schedule[1]

27 September

Morning schedule[1]
Afternoon schedule[1]

Right of reply

Member states have the option to reply to comments on the day (or even to the days prior), but are limited to 10 minutes for the first response and five minutes for the second response. All speeches are made from the floor, as opposed to the podium for the General Debate.

North Korea responded by saying South Korea had misleading remarks in regard to nuclear weapons while it was under the nuclear umbrella of the U.S. and thus allowed nuclear weapons into the

IAEA
. South Korea then launched a satellite just after that of North Korea and, as such, the U.S. lied it was not an issue at the UNSC. This was a double standard. UNSC history suggests a satellite as a threat to peace and security and by mandate the UNSC does not note a peaceful satellite launch, the UNSC was silent. Parallel to North Korea policy, provocation cannot be a bargaining chip. Amongst points made was that of family reunification, yet during dialogue South Korea opened joint military exercises against the climate of dialogue and arrested political figures favouring unification.

South Korea then replied in saying that North Korea denies it is not bound by obligations as others. According to Article 25 of the

United Nations Charter "all members carry out UNSC decisions" and, as such, it was regrettable that North Korea repeats irrational force.[21]

28 September

Morning schedule[1]
Afternoon schedule[1]

Right of reply

[21]

30 September

Morning schedule[1]
Afternoon schedule[1]

Right of reply

Indonesia replied in strongly rejecting the issue of

which?] Indonesia's representatives at the UN also said that internal political dynamics of Vanuatu have played a role in raising West Papua issues at the UN and was acknowledged by a statement of the prime minister of Vanuatu[who?] and published by the Vanuatu Post[when?] that read: "West Papua politicised and used various political movements not for the people in West Papua but for political campaigns and propaganda." They reiterated that the statement was not by Indonesian authorities but the then government of Vanuatu. Additionally, Indonesia was not distracted by said inclination and will continue development efforts through special autonomy and will also continue friendly relations with Vanuatu
.

Pakistan responded to the statement by the Bangladeshi prime minister in saying that it was deeply dismayed as Pakistan and Bangladesh are brotherly countries and were once citizens of the same country and also continue to have warmth today. They added that the statement by Hasina was misrepresentation of the facts, the premise was wrong and the legal dimension was untenable. unhelpful and counter productive to

Bangladesh-Pakistan relations. Yet the people of Pakistan would work to strengthen ties with Bangladesh.[21]

1 October

Morning schedule[1]

Right of reply

Libya responded to Bolivia statement in saying it had overcome a dictatorship. Though it did not initially attach significance at first to the statement, viewing it as propaganda by one party to another, Morales had asked two specific questions and was entitled to obtain an answer. The questions were: Who had Libyan oil and who owned Libyan oil today. The representative went on to the allege that Libyan oil belonged to

Green Book. The delegate then added that those were corrupt ideas of a single individual who attempted to destroy state institutions and that was how money was spent in the “reign of this tyrant.” He alleged that today it belongs to the Libyan people to repair what he alleged was destroyed by Gaddafi for decades and to provide basic services to its citizens. He claimed he did not offend Morales as the latter probably knew Libya was one of the richest African states but perhaps did not know or needed to know that over quarter of Libyans were allegedly below the poverty threshold, that Libyan civil servants had amongst the lowest salaries, that the education was the lowest in the region, Libya was corrupt state and that most towns did not have sanitation systems and no public transport—neither within nor between cities. He further claimed that Libya was the only country with no post office or postal code and that most streets did not have street names. He went on to say that Morales was Gaddafi's friends as revenue from Libyan oil was distributed outside Libya while people were in poverty and basic services were worsening. Morales spoke of the shelling of Libya, but, the delegate claimed, “no Libya was not shelled or bombed. The international community helped Libya and bombed the troops of the despot who were bombing the town and villages and killing innocent people indiscriminately” and that it was “regrettable [that] Morales still does not want to acknowledge atrocities committed by his friend Gaddafi's troops against innocent people. If you have a problem with a state or a party don't use Libya to harm others. The Libyan people know who helped them and who helped their executioner.” As such the “Libyan people would extend their hand to all those who respect their friendship.[26]

In reaction to the comment, Ashe reminded the audience that the right of reply to a head of state had to be in writing. He then continued to call on the other delegations that wanted to use their right of reply.[21]

Iran's Khodadad Seifi

UN charter
. Despite this Israel enjoys full freedom and is “proud of all atrocities and over 10 wars waged in 65 years by the Israel regime against all neighbours and others as well. [It] may wish to apply for an international award certifying the ability of Israeli forces in never ending savage attacks against people under occupation, in particular women and innocent children.” Iran warned that Israel should seriously avoid miscalculation about Iran and that Iran's century's old policy of non-aggression should not be seen as an inability to defend itself not because of its ability but its principled policy of rejecting the use of force. Iran is proud of being the best in exercising the inherent right to self-defence under Article 51 of the UN charter. Thus Netanyahu better not think of attacking Iran let alone planning for that. In conclusion, to point allegedly made by Iran's foreign minister at the General Debate: “we have been accused of having a smile attack, a smile attack is better than a military attack” he then concluded that “indeed a smile policy is better than lying.”

Azerbaijan responded to Armenia in saying that as seen from Armenia General Debate statement, Armenia opposes facts that point to its policy of aggression and hatred, outright lies and aggressions. While the Armenian statement responded to statement by

national budget
Armenia is the most militarised country in the south Caucasus. Instead of lecturing others on good and bad, Armenia should recall direct involvement of the leadership of Armenia in the conflict that claimed the lives of thousands of Azerbaijani women children and the elderly. Relations with terrorists and war criminals are also seen at the state level and in bestowing state decorations. “Suffice to say unlike Armenian ethnic cleansing of its own territory and of Azerbaijan of all non-Armenians in succeeding to create the monoculture it has, Azerbaijan has maintained diversity. “In conclusion, by challenging UNSC resolutions and OSCE efforts and deliberately denying the right of refugees to return home and the norms of international law Armenia demonstrates who is the danger to international law and peace.

North Korea replied in regard to the

B52 across the ocean. These events were viewed as blackmail and culminated in threatening the survival of the Korean nation as a whole (north and south). As a result of the unique security environment, the D.P.R.K. has no option but to go nuclear to defend its people and not allow “nuclear weapons to drop over the hills of the people. The nuclear deterrent made a great contribution to lasting peace in the Korean Peninsula and the world.” In addition, in accord with “the last speaker,” North Korea made a few more points: Israel has no justification to talk of another country as a full-fledged nuclear state; it is a “cancer in middle east;” it is “disturbing peace and security and shifting blame on all other regional countries;” and Israel and the U.S. are “making noise” about the D.P.RK. but are “mum and quiet and silent over the nuclear weapon of Israel.[21]

Bolivia replied to Libya in saying that the Libyan representative made a set of bold statements that were absurd and unrealistic. “In a fraternal manner,” it reported on the violation of procedure as UN standards mandate replies to heads of state are given in writing. Instead Libya “used the good faith of the president of the General Assembly to proffer unacceptable insults to Morales, Bolivia and its people.” Bolivia insisted that it condemns and will continue to condemn imperialist attacks and draw attention to the true motives of imperial interventions in regard to natural resources and geostrategic interests. It said that “lies will not silence us” and that especially until a fear years ago those that defended Gaddafi, now call him a tyrant. It is “crucial to point out to those who write the scripts in their attack against Morales aim to divert the attention of the General Assembly against the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. [Bolivia would] struggle to ensure no more attacks and no more unilateral attacks occur in the world in violation of international law and loot people.” It also added that the Bolivian people have great respect and admiration for the Libyan people, but in this case, in accordance with the words of the Libyan representative it reserves the right to take any legal action “in our power to make sure there is a public response to the shameless lies by the representative of Libya [against] attempts to divert attention from what Morales did in a dignified manner. It said that Morales also drew attention to the need for those who violate international law and the UN charter and threaten to bomb other states and countries must be subject to judgement for the crimes they commit. The statement added that Bolivia will not be “silenced and allow groundless attacks against the dignity of my people and my country.” Likewise Bolivia endorses the “decision to promote prosecution against crime of war of the U.S. We know who defends the interests of U.S.A., is not a surprise, but at least do so on the basis of truth and not lies [and] invented phrases. The comment in the UNGA will not remain in the record of the assembly. Bolivia's representative said that his country condemns and will continue to condemn rights against people and sovereignty in international law.”

Armenia responded to Azerbaijan's reply in saying that firstly it said that it did not intend to take the floor and apologises but it had to comment on the Azerbaijan representatives’ comments based on “more lies in addition to Azerbaijan's foreign minister (Elmar Mammadyarov),” which was usual statement, “especially when nobody verifies the truth.” It said that what happened in 1988 was self-determination for Nagorno-Karabakh and was a legal constitutional right in response to “massacres and war by Azerbaijan [reacting] to peaceful” demands. “Nothing Azerbaijan tells from any podium is factual; on the contrary it is a constant barrage of lies and anti-Armenian rhetoric. Outrageous lies are told so often so that they eventually got used to them. In fact are repeated lies so often that they believe it is true. That is wishful thinking.” Armenia cited the comments as coming from a country whose president comments Armenia are xenophobic and contrary to “international law in our world. Raising a defence budget is not something to be proud of it as other countries think of development goals and many countries do not have such resources,” yet is said that Azerbaijani President

oil money thus Azerbaijan has no legal or moral right to Nagorno-Karabakh to tell them how or where to live and how independent it ought to be. He accused Azerbaijan's leadership of speaking in two languages: one with conflict resolution and the other always blaming Armenia. Azerbaijan said they have isolated Armenia and that it is paying a price for it, but UN resolutions call on Azerbaijan to cease hostilities. Despite the 1994 peace pact with the de facto Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijani authorities continue firing on the Line of Contact
but should instead start withdrawing snipers which would be CBMs. if Azerbaijan wished to return refugees and IDPs, it should follow the OSCE-Minsk Group to yield pay offs in a right away.

Libya used its second right of reply to respond to Bolivia's statement. This time the delegate said that in respect of President John William Ashe he would only add that he has “never lied in life and will not lie in this life. Those who want to see documents are welcome to see it.”

Azerbaijan took the floor again and said that it was unfortunate that the Armenian delegation used this platform to make groundless propagandist statements. In reality, the General Assembly “witnessed another unsuccessful attempt to mislead the international community. It was lies, distortions and misrepresentation that we categorically reject. This demonstrates how this member state is not constructive and introduces nothing knew but abused the right to speak from the high rostrum of the UN." As such he said that what was heard were “irrelevant and comments that did not respond to arguments. Comments by Armenia are also illustrative of that member state's attempts to create wrong situations and to deflect the international community from the main problems cause by its aggression against Azerbaijan. [It was also an] open challenge to the conflict settlement process. Earlier officials of this country realised the lack of any prospect of the unconstructive and dangerous political agenda and that [it would be better] the sooner our people will benefit from cooperation.”

Bolivia again regretted this “forum is being used in violation of our norms to attack the dignity not just of a president but also a people and a member state of the UN. We regret that attempts being made to draw away from the central theme made by the courageous statement by our president, Bolivia supported every word not only spoken by Morales by even what I said in my post as permanent representative. [As such] Bolivia will not play the game of trying to draw attention away from the core issue: appropriation of natural resource wars, plundering and geostrategic interests of the U.S.A. [It is up to] each to decide if we will follow the written scripts... the lies and manipulations by the representative of Libya are totally rejected by Bolivia and Bolivia will take necessary steps which we have the right to take.”

Armenia responded again in saying that the”only gauge to measure Azerbaijan's words is their participation of OSCE summits and the statements of the president of the co-chair countries. [As such] Armenia was in line with these documents [and] Armenia and the international community speak in one language on Nagorno-Karabakh. It is time for Azerbaijan to listen to the UN.” He also sought appealed to the politics of memory and remind Azerbaijan: in 1988 Nagorno-Karabakh peacefully asked for independence and was then attacked by Azerbaijan; in 1992 after self-defence measures it declared independence, it is “not difficult to remember basic textbook facts” but Azerbaijan retells the story in a manner they would like to see themselves and the statements of Azerbaijan indicate it is a “racist and xenophobic state;” and that on 18 September 2013, Aliyev said: the "national flag of Azerbaijan must be raised in Shusha and Hankandi and Azerbaijanis should live on all historic lands of Erevan...the time will come when we Azeris will live there I'm sure of that time is passing we simply want it to happen soon." Armenia reminded the audience that the geographic names are distorted Azerbaijani versions of Armenian names and that “tomorrow Azerbaijan will give a brief on the programme for the month, the month of its presidency [of the UNSC], and will speak of peace. No one in their right mind will believe that. Azerbaijan can't advocate for war on [its] neighbour and talk of peace. [This] sounds like a wolf in sheep's clothing. Don't buy the argument and no one should.”

South Korea responded to the D.P.R. K. to clarify that the joint military exercise with the U.S. is a legitimate defensive measure against D.P.R. K. aggression and what it called “daily threats by North Korea” and, as such, was a purely defensive response. The exercise, it said, contributed to deterrence for war for several decades on the Korean Peninsula. Under the relevant UNSC resolution of 19 September 2005[

which?] and the joint statement, North Korea has the obligation to dismantle all its nuclear weapons and enrichment programmes. The more recent UNSC resolution 2094 on 7 March 2013
also clarified this.

North Korea responded immediately to the South Korean statement saying that it made “very absurd remarks and [that it was] reject[ed] as totally as misleading. [As such,]193 UN member states were being told a distorted truth.” He specifically cites the South Korean reference to military actions that was claimed to be a routine exercise and defensive. [However,] if [one] look[s] at the nature [one] can easily understand it is offensive and aggressive and targeted at D.P.R.K. Last month 500,000 troops and reserve forces were mobilised, [along with] B52 bombers to aircraft carriers and B52s alone, [as] we all know, [have] the capability. It contains

gravity bombs
to be dropped. [These] came to South Korea and attended drill and dropping in real conditions on the doorstep of the D.P R.K., threatening the peace and security of the Korean peninsula and the region as a whole and undermining peace and development which is the major trend of the Asia-Pacific region.” It added that as this was “against the D.P.R.K. It makes clear that the D.P.R.K. has been selected by the U.S.A. and its manipulation is purely out of [an] hostile policy to the D.P.R.K. with THE abusive of power that the permanent member holds. Thus the D.P.R.K. never recognises the resolution[s]. According to the mandate of the UNSC, the joint South Korean-U.S.A. drill should be raised as the greatest and gravest threat to the peace and security of the region.

South Korea immediately and again took to the floor to say that North Korea once again has “habit of blaming others for its habits and provocation [and that] tensions in the region [were a result] by missile launches and threats.” It also stressed that not only the UNSC but other member states <!—18??--> condemned North Koreas third nuclear test and urged it to abide by the relevant UN resolutions. It further noted on North Korea saying that questioning credibility of the UNSC in that the UNSC is the prime organ in the maintenance of peace and that all resolutions by the UNSC were unanimously adopted.

Iran returned on a point of order to inform the General Assembly that the representative had misquoted his foreign minister. What was actually said was a "smile attack is better than a lie attack" and that he should have memorised it. He wished to reiterate that a "smile attack is better than a lie attack."[21]

Closing remarks

President John William Ashe closed the General Debate for the year in summation of the comments. He said the comments made would guide the session and recalled his theme of the General Debate and outlining priority areas for deliberations by member states in the form of high level events or thematic debates. He added that virtually all delegations that commented on the theme, commended and pledged full support for it. He regards this as a premise on what is to come over the next year and “trust[s] we all work creatively and capably in the session.” He also sought to build on the

South-South cooperation is important in development, it complements north-south cooperation not replacement. He also called on the participation of non-state actors and a need for funding innovation and technology transfer. He further reminded the delegations of the specific needs and vulnerabilities of SIDS are an important consideration in the Post-2015 Development Agenda
.

Statements at the General Debate, he noted, included many condemnations of the use of chemical weapons in Syria coupled with calls for the perpetrators to be held accountable and welcomes Syria's adherence to the OPCW. Many states also welcomed the unanimous adoption of

cyber security requiring a bigger UN role. He also noted there was some reservations on the International Criminal Court with bias to particular geographic regions, concerns about the use of WMDs and risks of proliferation, calls for the creation of nuclear-weapon-free zones
and that the use of small arms revived a negative impact on peace and security and that, as such, the ATT was welcomed with calls for its prompt entry into force. Other called included the need to reform the primary organs of the UN with more balance to be fair and accountable, in particular the UNSC and how the use of the veto has had a paralysing effect; in this regard the UNGA should have a bigger role and have better coordination. This then required member states to move with purposeful direction on required reforms and revitalisation.

The General Debate, he concluded, provides “useful measure of stock taking within the mandate of the organisation and was the only place for the 193 member states to have their voices heard [amongst] what effects our peoples’ concerns. The organisation is often accused of being a talk shop, perhaps so, but the General Debate serves a purpose to mark where we as a global community and mark guidelines for direction. [It is a] useful point for peer review and general accountability. despite negative, faith in the value of the organisation as world forum is high. With guidance this week, we must find common ground to move forward on actions. In the real world where we live, such compromise is good for a post-2015 framework. I look forward to working with you. In conclude by thanking the secretary general and the department of conference management.”[21]

Notes

  1. ^ The Iranian media praised Obama's speech for attesting to "past mistakes" and he welcomed the "different tone." It also said that Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu would become "isolated" and was viewed as a "warmonger."[6]
  2. ^ Upon returning to Iran following the General Debate, Rouhani received a mixed reception for his conciliatory tone with the U.S. and an historic telephone conversation with the U.S. president, despite the lack of an historic handshake between the two players. Many Iranians cheered on him while others protested and threw eggs and shoes at his official car leaving the airport[7] Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei backed Rouhani's initiative towards the U.S.,[8] however he cautioned against trusting the U.S.[9]
  3. ^ Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Shiekh Sabah Al Khaled Al Hamad Al Sabah said later of the speech that "other major events also included the participation of 131 heads of state and government, as well as the accelerating pace of regional and international affairs" and that the speech was meant to be inclusive so as to contribute to the implementation of the UN plans to fight poverty and improve sustainable development beyond 2015. He further noted: "The speech also addressed the Syrian situation and we hope the UN Security Council would have a serious stand and stop the bloodshed among the Syrian people and collapse of the state. We also urge the international community to ease humanitarian suffering of the Syrians."[10]
  4. ^ Letta flew back from New York City to Italy in order to prevent his government from collapsing after Silvio Berlusconi's The People of Freedom MPs quit the government. Letta said he would quit unless his government won a confidence vote due the following week in parliament; Letta also accused Berlusconi of telling a "huge lie." Berlusconi described the ultimatum as "unacceptable."[11]
  5. ^ First speech to the UNGA General Debate.[12]
  6. ^ The Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs rejected and condemned Marzouki's statement. The same night, it released a statement that alleged Marzouki had called on Egyptian authorities to release "what he described as political prisoners" and added that all of Marzouki's statements in regard to Egypt at the General Debate are not true as it challenges the alleged will of the Egyptian people in protests that led up to the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état. "We hope the same destiny for our brothers in Tunisia. Some people remain intent on forcing a certain model which fails to reflect the true nature of the pious Tunisian society."[13]
  7. Palestine-United States relations occurred on the sidelines of the summit when both president met and Obama told Abbas that a peace deal would be difficult.[15]
  8. ^ Due to controversy, al-Bashir withdrew at the last minute and did not turn up for the General Debate.[16]
  9. India-Pakistan relations would occur on a sideline meeting between the two states during the General Debate.[17] In the first meeting since the 2013 Pakistani general election, the leaders of both countries, Nawaz Sharif and Manmohan Singh, pledged to find ways to restore calm across the Kashmir border.[18]
  10. Nicolas Maduro did not attend the session citing a death threat.[19] He said that he learned of the plan while at Vancouver airport on his way back from China and that he found it hard to believe that U.S. President Barack Obama was unaware of it.[20]
  11. West Papua. Kalosil called for the investigation of alleged human rights abuses.[22][23] He accused the UN of consistently ignoring the West Papuan people. At the same time, Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott visited Indonesia amid calls for him to address the same.[24]
  12. India-Pakistan relations would occur on a sideline meeting between the two states during the General Debate.[17] In the first meeting since the 2013 Pakistani general election, the leaders of both countries, Nawaz Sharif and Manmohan Singh, pledged to find ways to restore calm across the Kashmir border.[18]
  13. new relationship between Iran and the West. He added: "We don't expect anything else from the Zionist regime. [Israel is] upset and angry because it sees that its blunted sword is being replaced with logic as the governing force in the world, and because the Iranian nation's message of peace is being heard better."[25]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "General Assembly of the United Nations : General Debate of the 68th Session". United Nations. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  2. ^ "63rd Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme Geneva, 1 - 5 October 2012 (Palais des Nations)" (PDF).
  3. ^ "UN News". UN News.
  4. ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "UN General Assembly sets focus on diplomacy - DW - 25.09.2013". DW.COM.
  5. ^ "Trouble in US-Saudi relations?". www.aljazeera.com.
  6. ^ "Iranian press lauds Obama's UNGA speech, dismisses Israel as 'isolated,' 'warmonger' - Diplomacy & Politics - Jerusalem Post". www.jpost.com.
  7. ^ "Rouhani returns to mixed reception in Tehran". www.aljazeera.com.
  8. ^ "Iran's Khamenei backs president". BBC News. 5 October 2013.
  9. ^ "Iran's Khamenei cautious on contact with US". www.aljazeera.com.
  10. ^ "Arab Times -Leading English Daily in Kuwait". www.arabtimesonline.com.
  11. ^ "Berlusconi resignations spark crisis". BBC News. 28 September 2013.
  12. ^ "Cyprus". General Assembly of the United Nations. 25 September 2013.
  13. ^ "Egypt condemns Tunisia's UNGA address". Daily News Egypt. 27 September 2013.
  14. ^ "Palestine (State of)". General Assembly of the United Nations. 25 September 2013.
  15. ^ "Obama Meets Abbas at UNGA, Says Peace With Israel Won't Be Easy". 24 September 2013 – via Haaretz.
  16. ^ "Sudan's 'Wanted' President Skips UN General Assembly".
  17. ^ a b Address by B.E. M r. Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
  18. ^ a b "Sharif and Singh aim to ease Kashmir tensions". www.aljazeera.com.
  19. ^ "Maduro says 'plot' forced scrapping of UN trip".
  20. ^ "Venezuela's Maduro skips UNGA, citing 'death threats'". Public Radio International.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g United Nations TV. 24 September-3 October 2013. 22:40 EST.
  22. ^ Graue, Catherine (29 September 2013). "Vanuatu PM accuses UN of ignoring Papuans". ABC News.
  23. ^ "Vanuatu calls for UN probe of rights abuses in West Papua". September 29, 2013.
  24. ^ "ABC Radio Australia". www.abc.net.au.
  25. ^ "Rouhani: Iran-US relationship angers Israel". www.aljazeera.com.
  26. ^ "YouTube". www.youtube.com.
  27. ^ "Israeli PM urges world not to 'trust' Rouhani". www.aljazeera.com.
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