Glycerol phosphate shuttle
The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a mechanism used in skeletal muscle and the brain
History
The glycerol phosphate shuttle was first characterized as a major route of mitochondrial hydride transport in the flight muscles of blow flies.[5][6] It was initially believed that the system would be inactive in mammals due to the predominance of lactate dehydrogenase activity over Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1)[5][7] until high GPD1 and GPD2 activity were demonstrated in mammalian brown adipose tissue and pancreatic ß-islets.[8][9][10][11]
Reaction
In this shuttle, the enzyme called cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1 or cGPD) converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate (2) to glycerol 3-phosphate (1) by oxidizing one molecule of NADH to NAD+ as in the following reaction:
Glycerol-3-phosphate is converted back to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by an inner membrane-bound mitochondrial
See also
- Malate-aspartate shuttle
- Mitochondrial shuttle
References
- ISBN 978-0-12-803550-4, retrieved 2023-05-14
- ISBN 978-0-12-095440-7, retrieved 2023-05-14
- ^ "GPD1 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] – Gene – NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
- ^ "GPD2 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] – Gene – NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
- ^ PMID 13587533.
- PMID 13975951.
- PMID 13803504.
- PMID 5783866.
- PMID 168075.
- PMID 6782104.
- PMID 8951039.
- ISBN 978-0-7167-8724-2. Archived from the originalon 2007-05-18.
- PMID 16415206.
- PMID 23220394.
External links
- http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/601glycolysissum.html (describes the shuttle in the context of glycolysis)
.svg){kind=small} | This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |