Gogmagog (giant)
Gogmagog (also Goemagot, Goemagog, Goëmagot and Gogmagoc) was a legendary
The effigies of Gogmagog and Corineus, used in English pageantry and later instituted as guardian statues at Guildhall in London eventually earned the familiar names "Gog and Magog".
Etymology
The name "Gogmagog" is often connected to the biblical characters
Geoffrey of Monmouth
Gogmagog ("Goemagot", "Goemagog") in the legend of the founding of Britain as written by Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae (1136). The island of Albion was once inhabited by giants, but their numbers had dwindled and few remained.[5] Gogmagog was one of these last giants, and was slain by Corineus, a member of the invading Trojan colonisers headed by Brutus. Corineus was subsequently granted a piece of land that was named "Cornwall" after him.
The Historia details the encounter as follows: Gogmagog, accompanied by twenty fellow giants, attacked the Trojan settlement and caused great slaughter. The Trojans rallied back and killed all giants, except for "one detestable monster named Gogmagog, in stature twelve cubits, and of such prodigious strength that at one shake he pulled up an oak as if it had been a hazel wand". He is captured so that Corineus can wrestle with him. The giant breaks three of Corineus's ribs, which so enrages him that he picks up the giant and carries him on his shoulders to the top of a high rock, from which he throws the giant down into the sea. The place where he fell was known as "Gogmagog's Leap" to posterity.[6][7][8]
Archbishop Michael Joseph Curley suggests that Monmouth may have been inspired by the giant Antaeus in Lucan's Pharsalia, who was defeated by Hercules in a wrestling match by lifting him from the earth, the source of his strength; both giants lived in caves and gave their names to a place.[9]
Later versions
Gogmagog's combat with Corineus according to Geoffrey was repeated in Wace's Anglo-Norman Brut and Layamon's Middle-English Brut. Because Geoffrey's work was regarded as fact until the late 17th century, the story continued to appear in most early histories of Britain.[10]
The tale of Gogmagog's ancestry was composed later in the 14th century. Known as the "Albina story" (or Des Grantz Geanz), it claimed Gogmagog to be a giant descended from Albina and her sisters, thirty daughters of the king of Greece exiled to the land later to be known as "Albion".[8][11][12] This story was added as a prologue to later versions of Brut pseudo-history,[13]
Thus according to the Middle English prose version of the Brut, known as the Chronicles of England, Albina was the daughter of Syrian king named Diodicias, from whom Gogmagog and Laugherigan and the other giants of Albion are descended. These giants lived in caves and hills until being conquered by Brutus' party arriving in "Tottenesse" (Totnes, Devon).[14] A later chapter describes Gogmagog's combat with Corineus (Middle English: Coryn) "at Totttenes", more or less as according to Geoffrey. Gogmagog was the tallest of these giants; Coryn in comparison was at least the largest man from the waist upward among Brutus's crew.[15] Caxton's printed edition, The Cronycles of Englond (1482), closely matches this content.[16]
Raphael Holinshed also localises the event of the "leape of Gogmagog" at Dover,[17] but William Camden in his 1586 work Brittannia locates it on Plymouth Hoe, perhaps following Richard Carew's Survey of Cornwall.[18] Carew describes "the portraiture of two men, one bigger, the other lesser.. (whom they term "Gogmagog") which was cut upon the ground at the Hawe (i.e. The Hoe) in Plymouth...".[19] These figures were first recorded in 1495 and were destroyed by the construction of the Royal Citadel in 1665.[20]
Michael Drayton's Poly-Olbion preserves the tale as well:
Amongst the ragged Cleeves those monstrous giants sought:
Who (of their dreadful kind) t'appal the Trojans brought
Great Gogmagog, an oake that by the roots could teare;
So mighty were (that time) the men who lived there:
But, for the use of armes he did not understand
(Except some rock or tree, that coming next to land,
He raised out of the earth to execute his rage),
He challenge makes for strength, and offereth there his gage,
Which Corin taketh up, to answer by and by,
Upon this sonne of earth his utmost power to try.
Guardians of London
The Lord Mayor's account of Gogmagog says that the
Images of Gog and Magog (depicted as giants) are carried by
In French literature
Under the influence of Geoffrey's Gogmagog (Goemagot), Gos et Magos, the French rendition of "
In Irish folklore
Works of
Explanatory notes
- ^ This was first set out in Les grandes et inestimables cronicques (1532) though better known in Rabelais's Gargantua.
References
- ^ Withington (1918), p. 59.
- ^ The Chronicle of the Kings of Britain. Translated by Roberts, Peter. London: E. Williams. 1811. p. 27.
- ^ Tysilio (1862), Pope, Manley (ed.), A history of the kings of ancient Britain, from Brutus to Cadwaladr, Simpkin, Marshall, Book I (pp. 21, 164)
- ^ Cooper, Wm R (2002), The Chronicle of the Early Britons - Brut y Bryttaniait - according to Jesus College MS LXI (PDF), p. 16
- ^ Geoffrey of Monmouth & Giles tr (1842), Book I, Chapter 11
- ^ Geoffrey of Monmouth & Giles tr (1842), Book I, Chapter 16
- ^ Geoffrey of Monmouth & Griscom tr (1929), pp. 250–251, 538 n17
- ^ a b Mackley (2010), p. 125.
- ^ Curley, Michael J. (1994). "Geoffrey of Monmouth". New York: Twayne Publishers. pp. 17–18.
- ^ Mackley (2010), p. 122.
- ^ Brereton (1937).
- ^ Barber, Richard, ed. (2004) [1999], "1. The Giants of the Island of Albion", Myths & Legends of the British Isles, Boydell Press
- ^ Bernau (2007), p. 113
- ^ Brie (1906–1908), Prolog (p. 4)
- ^ Brie (1906–1908), Ch. 4 (pp. 10–11)
- ^ Caxton (1482), The cronycles of Englond, Prolog and Chapter IV.
- ISBN 9780199565757
- ^ Harper (1910), pp. 48–49
- ^ Harper (1910), p. 50
- ^ Hunt, Robert, ed. (1903), "The Giants: Corineus and Gogmagog", Popular Romances of the West of England (3rd ed.), pp. 44–46
- ^ Gog and Magog at the Lord Mayor's Show: official website. Retrieved August 3, 2007.
- ISBN 0-85323-977-0.
- ISBN 9780803238732.
- ^ Rose (2001), Gos et Magos (p. 150)
- ^ Rose (2001), Gemmagog (p. 135)
- ^ Urquhart, Thomas; Motteux, Peter Anthony, eds. (1934), Gargantua and Pantagruel, vol. 1, Oxford University Press, p. 355
- ^ Putnam, Samuel, ed. (1929), All the extant works of Franc̜ois Rabelais: an American translation, p. 202 (notes), citing Lefranc (1922), p. 23 notes.
- ^ Williams, Leslie; Williams, W. H. A. (2003). Daniel O'Connell, the British Press, and the Irish Famine. Ashgate. p. 311.
- ^ Heller, Jason. "Deeper Into Music With Glenn Danzig | Music | Interview". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 2008-12-18. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- Bibliography
- Bernau, Anke (2007), McMullan, Gordon; Matthews, David (eds.), "Myths of origin and the struggle over nationhood", Reading the Medieval in Early Modern England, Cambridge University Press, pp. 106–118, ISBN 978-0521868433
- Brereton, Georgine Elizabeth, ed. (1937), Des grantz geanz: an Anglo-Norman poem, Medium Aevum Monographs, vol. 2, Oxford: Blackwell
- Brie, Friedrich W. D., ed. (1906–1908), The Brut or the Chronicles of England, editted from Ms. Raw. B171, Bodleian Library, &c., Early English Text Society, vol. 131, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, (part 1)
- Geoffrey of Monmouth (1842), History of the Kings of Britain, Giles, J. A., tr,
- Geoffrey of Monmouth (1977) [1929], The Historia Regum Britanniae of Geoffrey of Monmouth, Griscom, A., tr, pp. 250–251, 538 n17
- Harper, Carrie Anne (1910) [Bryn Mahr]. The Sources of The British Chronicle History in Spenser's Faerie Queene (Thesis). Haskell House (published 1964).
- Mackley, J. S. (2010), Phillips, Lawrence; Witchard, Anne (eds.), "Gog and Magog: Guardians of the City", London Gothic: Place, Space and the Gothic Imagination, Bloomsbury, pp. 121–139, ISBN 9781441159977
- Rose, Carol (2001). Giants, Monsters, and Dragons: An Encyclopedia of Folklore, Legend, and Myth (Reprint ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393322118.
- Withington, Robert (1918), English Pageantry: An Historical Outline, vol. 1, Harvard University Press, pp. 55–64