HMS Campbell (D60)

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For other ships with the same name, see HMS Campbell.

History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Campbell
OrderedApril 1917
BuilderCammell Laird, Birkenhead
Laid down10 November 1917
Launched21 September 1918
Commissioned21 December 1918
FateSold February 1947
General characteristics
Class and type
Admiralty type destroyer leader
Displacement
  • 1,580 long tons (1,610 t) Normal
  • 2,050 long tons (2,080 t) deep load
Length332 ft 6 in (101.35 m)
Beam31 ft 9 in (9.68 m)
Draught12 ft 6 in (3.81 m)
Installed power40,000 shp (30,000 kW)
Propulsion
Speed36.5 kn (42.0 mph; 67.6 km/h)
Range5,000 nmi (5,800 mi; 9,300 km) at 15 kn (17 mph; 28 km/h)
Complement183
Armament
  • 5 ×
    BL 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mk I guns
  • 1 × 3-inch (76 mm) 20 cwt anti-aircraft gun
  • 6 ×
    21-inch (533 mm) torpedo
    tubes

HMS Campbell was an

Second World War
, Campbell mainly served with as a convoy escort, particularly on the East Coast of the United Kingdom. She survived the war, and was sold for scrap in 1947.

Design and construction

HMS Campbell was one of five

steam turbines, rated at 40,000 shaft horsepower (30,000 kW). This gave a design speed of 36.5 knots (67.6 km/h; 42.0 mph) light, which corresponded to about 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph) at full load.[3] Up to 504 tons of oil fuel could be carried, giving a range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[4]

Campbell's main gun armament consisted of five

4.7 in (120 mm)/45 calibre BL Mark I guns,[b] on CP VI mountings capable of elevating to 30 degrees.[5] These guns could fire a 50-pound (23 kg) shell to 15,800 yards (14,400 m) at a rate of 5–6 rounds per minute per gun.[6] 120 rounds per gun were carried.[2] Anti-aircraft armament consisted of a single 3 inch (76 mm) 20 cwt gun and two 2-pounder (40 mm) "pom-pom" autocannon.[7] Torpedo armament consisted of six 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in two triple mounts.[5] She had a complement of 183 officers and ratings.[4]

Campbell was laid down on 10 November 1917, launched on 21 September 1918 and commissioned on 21 December 1918.[8]

Modifications

While the Admiralty type flotilla leaders had only limited modifications between the wars,[9] an early change during the Second World War was the replacement of the amidships 4.7-inch gun by two 2-pounder pom-poms, with the aft funnel shortened to improve the field of fire for the 3 inch anti-aircraft gun.[9][10] In 1941, "X"-gun (the superimposed gun aft) was removed and replaced by the 3-inch anti-aircraft gun which was relocated from its original amidships position. Both sets of torpedo tubes were retained.[9][c] Two Oerlikon 20 mm cannon were mounted on the bridge wings, while further Oerlikon guns later replaced the 2-pounders.[9] Radar (Type 286, later replaced by Type 290 and Type 271) was also fitted during the war.[3]

Service

Between the wars

On entering service, Campbell joined the

Bolshevik Russia during the Russian Civil War.[14] In 1921, the destroyer flotillas were reorganised, reducing in size from 16 destroyers with two leaders to eight destroyers with a single leader. Campbell remained with the revised, smaller, Third Flotilla.[15] In September 1922, as a result of the Chanak Crisis, there was a large scale redeployment of warships from British home waters to the eastern Mediterranean. Campbell left Devonport at the head of the Third Flotilla on 21 September, arriving at Çanakkale, (then known as Chanak), Turkey on 29 September.[16] Campbell remained as leader of the Third Flotilla until 1923, when she transferred to the 6th Destroyer Flotilla.[17] She was hit by a practice torpedo on 8 October 1924, with the resulting damage requiring 20 days docked at Rosyth to repair. Campbell remained as leader of the 6th Flotilla until February 1930 when she entered refit at Portsmouth, during which her boilers were retubed. On completion of the refit in June 1931, Campbell returned to the 6th Flotilla, serving with that Flotilla until May 1935.[12]

Campbell, with a reserve crew, took part in the

the Nore,[17] awaiting a refit, which did not start until April 1939.[20]

Second World War

Following the outbreak of the

German invasion of Norway,[23] landing troops at Molde on 23 April.[24] Campbell took part in evacuation operations from Harstad and Andfjorden between 3 and 12 June 1940,[25] before returning to convoy escort duties, supplementing them by anti-invasion patrols.[22]

On 20 June 1940, the German submarine

Schnellboot (S-boats or German motor torpedo boats), S38, S54 and S57. S38 was sunk by ramming.[28][22][29]

On the night of 19/20 November 1941, Campbell, along with Garth and the destroyer Vesper formed a support group for Convoy FS650, consisting of 59 merchant ships, which also had a close escort of two destroyers and two corvettes, when the convoy was attacked by four S-boats off Great Yarmouth. Three merchant ships, Aruba, Waldinge and War Mehtar were sunk, with one S-boat sunk. When responding the attack, Campbell mistook Garth for a German ship and fired on her, hitting Garth with six pom-pom shells. These shells seriously damaged Garth, causing loss of all steam and electrical power and immobilising the ship (which had to be towed back to port), and killed two men.[22][30][31][32][33]

Campbell was one of six destroyers that were ordered to reinforce Dover Command on 3 February 1942, in anticipation that the German battleships

Arctic convoy PQ 18 on its initial leg from Loch Ewe to Iceland.[40]

Campbell continued on East coast escort duty through the rest of 1942 and into 1943.

Motor Gun Boats and two Motor Launches) of Convoy FN1160 when it came under attack by 32 S-boats. The escort managed to drive off the attacks with only the trawler William Stephen being sunk, while the S-boat S63 was sunk by the destroyer Mackay and S88 was sunk by Motor Gun Boats.[42]

In June 1944, Campbell took part in

semaphore (strict radio silence had been imposed). Campbell soon found herself in the middle of a field of floating mines and had to be extricated by the minesweepers.[44] Campbell continued convoy escort operations in the Channel in support of the landings until July, when she returned to East coast convoy operations.[22]

Campbell continued on escort operations along the east coast and English Channel until the end of the war in Europe.

Olav home from exile to Oslo.[45]

Disposal

Campbell went into reserve after the end of the Second World War,[22] and was transferred on 18 February 1947 to BISCO for scrapping and was broken up by Metal Industries of Rosyth from 30 March 1948.[46][41]

Pennant numbers

Pennant number[47] From To
G76 December 1918 October 1919
D60 November 1919 1940
I60 1940 1947

Notes

  1. ^ The other four ships were Mackay and Malcolm from Cammell Laird at Birkenhead, and Montrose and Stuart from Hawthorn Leslie at Hebburn on the Tyne. Three more ships of the class Scott, Bruce and Douglas, had been ordered earlier.[1]
  2. BL
    (Breech Loading) indicated that a separate, bagged charge was used.
  3. ^ Lenton[3] suggests that "X"-gun was replaced by a 4-inch (102 mm) gun instead.

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 83.
  2. ^ a b c Friedman 2009, p. 298
  3. ^ a b c Lenton 1970, p. 43
  4. ^ a b Preston 1971, p. 101
  5. ^ a b Preston 1971, pp. 99, 101
  6. ^ DiGiulian, Tony (25 May 2014). "Britain: 4.7"/45 (12 cm) BL Mark I, 4.7"/45 (12 cm) BL Mark II". navweapons.com. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  7. ^ Gardiner & Gray 1985, pp. 82–83
  8. ^ Whitley 2000, p. 85
  9. ^ a b c d Whitley 2000, p. 86
  10. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 242.
  11. ^ "Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: I: The Grand Fleet: Destroyers". The Navy List: 12. January 1919. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  12. ^ a b c English 2019, p. 24
  13. ^ Preston 1971, p. 35
  14. ^ Preston 1971, p. 31
  15. ^ Preston 1971, pp. 35–36
  16. ^ Halpern 2011, pp. 400–401
  17. ^ a b c Watson, Graham. "Between the Wars: Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployments 1919–1939". Naval-History.net. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  18. The Maitland Daily Mercury
    . 22 March 1937. p. 1.
  19. ^ "Child Refugees: 450 Taken on British Warships". The West Australian. 23 March 1937. p. 17.
  20. ^ a b English 2019, p. 25
  21. ^ Kindell, Don. "Royal Navy Ships, September 1939". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h Mason, Geoffrey M. (2004). "HMS Campbell (D 60) – Scott-class Flotilla Leader: including Convoy Escort Movements". Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  23. ^ Kindell, Don. "Naval Events, April 1940 (Part 3 of 4): Monday 15th-Sunday 21st". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  24. ^ Kindell, Don. "Naval Events, April 1940 (Part 4 of 4): Monday 22nd – Tuesday 30th". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  25. ^ Kindell, Don. "Naval Events, June 1940 (Part 1 of 4): Saturday 1st – Friday 7th". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  26. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "HMS Campbell (D 60)". uboat.net. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  27. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Empire Conveyor". uboat.net. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  28. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 42
  29. ^ Kindell, Don. "Naval Events, November 1940 (Part 2 of 2): Friday 15th – Saturday 30th". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  30. ^ Kindell, Don. "Naval Events, November 1941 (Part 2 of 2): Saturday 15th –Sunday 30th". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
  31. ^ H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action 1952, p. 469
  32. ^ Kindell, Don. "1st – 24th November 1941 – in date, ship/unit & name order". Casualty Lists of the Royal Navy and Dominion Navies, World War 2. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
  33. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 99
  34. ^ a b Roskell, S. W. (2008) [Originally published by HMSO, 1956]. "Chapter VI: Coastal Warfare 1st January – 31st July 1942". War at Sea 1939–1945: Volume II The Period of Balance. History of the Second World War: United Kingdom Military Series. Hyperwar. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  35. ^ Hawkins 2005, p. 213
  36. ^ Barnett 2000, p. 447
  37. ^ Jones 1979, pp. 302–304
  38. ^ Barnett 2000, p. 452
  39. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 122
  40. ^ Ruegg & Hague 1993, p. 43
  41. ^ a b English 2019, p. 26
  42. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 242
  43. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 281
  44. ^ Edwards 2013, Part 2: Execution:Chapter 1: Twenty-Four Hours Postponement
  45. ^ Madsen 1998, p. 66
  46. ^ Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 72
  47. ^ English 2019, p. 135

References

External links
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