Haemulon chrysargyreum

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Haemulon chrysargyreum

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Haemulidae
Genus: Haemulon
Species:
H. chrysargyreum
Binomial name
Haemulon chrysargyreum
Günther, 1859
Synonyms[2]
  • Brachygenys chrysargyreus (Günther, 1859)
  • Haemulon taeniatum Poey, 1860
  • Brachygenys taeniata (Poey, 1860)

Haemulon chrysargyreum, the smallmouth grunt, bronze grunt, or yellowstripe grunt, is a

ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae
. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.

Description

H. chrysargyreum is a small fish that can reach a maximum length of 23 cm, but a length of 17 cm is typical.[3][4] It has a short snout with an almost horizontal mouth which is small, the jaws normally not extending as far as the front margin of the pupil.[2] The inside of the mouth is red. It has a laterally compressed body with a forked caudal fin. Its background color is silver with five bronze-yellow horizontal lines on its sides.All fins, other than the pectoral fins are partially or completely yellow.[5] The dorsal fin contains 12 spines and 13 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 9-10 soft rays.[2]

Distribution and habitat

H. chrysargyreum is widespread throughout the western Atlantic Ocean from south Florida to the cost of Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea.[3]

The adults inhabit exposed areas of coral reefs and rocky coasts up to 25 m deep.

sea grass beds.[1]

Biology

H. chrysargyreum is nocturnal, spending the daytime in schools near reefs or rocks and disperse at night to feed at the open sea. Their diet consists mainly of

mollusks.[6] Off the Fernando de Noronha Islands of northeastern Brazil it has been observed that this species and the yellow goatfish (Mulloidichthys martinicus) mimic each other in colour and shape, allowing them to form mixed schools, which improves their ability to avoid predators that rely on vision for hunting.[1]

Systematics

H. chrysargyreum was first formally

compound of the Greek chrysos meaning “gold” and argyreum meaning “silvery” a reference to the silvery background colour marked with gold streaks and stripes.[8]

feminine the specific name is feminised to chrysargyrea.[9]

Uses

H. chrysargyreum is caught as bycatch in traps, the fish caught being sold fresh.[12] It is rare in the aquarium trade but is commoner in public aquarium displays.[13]

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T194417A2333728.en
    . Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Haemulon chrysargyreum" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. ^ a b c Robins, C.R. & G.C. Ray (1986). A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. p. 354.
  4. FAO
    , Rome.
  5. ^ "Species: Brachygenys chrysargyreum, Smallmouth grunt". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  6. ^ Cervigón, F. (1993). Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2 (in Spanish). Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. p. 497.
  7. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Haemulon". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  8. ^ Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (5 January 2021). "Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  9. ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Brachygenys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  10. PMC 3472276
    .
  11. ^ Paolo Parenti (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Haemulidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)" (PDF). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology. 6 (3): 150–196.
  12. FAO
    of the U.N., Rome. pp. 1522–1550.
  13. ^ "Haemulon chrysargyreum". Saltcorner!. Bob Goemans. 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2021.

External links

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