Haiti–Venezuela relations

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Haiti-Venezuela relations
Map indicating locations of Haiti and Venezuela

Haiti

Venezuela

Haiti–Venezuela relations are relations between Haiti and Venezuela. Venezuela has an embassy in Port-au-Prince, and Haiti has an embassy in Caracas.

For Haiti, relations with Venezuela, along with other Latin American nations, was poor for nearly 200 years.

2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis.[6]

History

19th century

Simón Bolívar in Haiti, 1816
Haitian president Alexandre Pétion

Haiti supported

Latin American wars of independence and harbored his forces.[1] When Bolívar fled the Second Republic of Venezuela following its fall in 1815, he became close to Alexandre Pétion, the first president of Haiti, and received aid.[7]

Bolívar returned to Venezuela in 1816 with the support of Haitian soldiers and equipment.[8] Pétion demanded that Bolívar free Spanish America's slaves, with Bolívar accomplishing this on 2 June 1816.[8]

20th century

Venezuela broke off diplomatic relations with Haiti (along with a number of other Latin American countries) in 1963, applying Rómulo Betancourt's "Betancourt doctrine" of avoiding relationships with dictatorships due to the actions of Haitian President François Duvalier.[9]

Following the 1991 Haitian coup d'état, Venezuelan President Carlos Andrés Pérez sent an airplane for ousted Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide.[10] During the coup, diplomats from France, Venezuela and the United States were instrumental in preserving Aristide's life.[11] Despite showing support for Aristide, the Venezuelan government rejected Haitian refugees during the crisis.[12]

21st century

Haiti became a member of Petrocaribe in 2006, an agreement allowing Caribbean nations to buy Venezuelan oil on conditions of preferential payment.[13] After joining Petrocaribe, Haiti followed Venezuela's opinion in foreign policy assemblies–often opposing United States policies–and began to rely on Venezuela's cheap petroleum prices for economic development.[4]

Following the

Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) in February 2012, the regional group launched and led by Venezuela. At the February 2012 ALBA summit, "President Hugo Chávez and Haitian President Michel Martelly signed a framework agreement that aims to boost Venezuela’s role in Haitian agriculture, manufacturing and tourism, among other sectors."[15]

As the

Venezuelan National Assembly Juan Guaidó as president of Venezuela, turning away from Maduro, a traditional ally.[6] As unrest in Venezuela continued, the Moïse government, beside ten other nations, approved of Guaidó's potential induction into the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance and using the treaty to manage the crisis in Venezuela.[16]

See also

References

  1. ^
    NACLA
    . Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  2. ^ "Using oil to spread revolution" (retitled to "Venezuela and Latin America") The Economist, (28 July 2005). Retrieved 11 June 2005.
  3. ^ "Guyana to Try for Better Oil Rates Under Caracas Accord". Guyana Diary (Monthly Newsletter of the Guyana Embassy, Caracas, Venezuela). February 2004. Archived from the original on 2005-03-06. Retrieved 14 June 2006.
  4. ^ a b Joseph, Ralph Thomassaint (2019-05-17). "Without Venezuela's oil, Haiti struggles to keep lights on". Associated Press. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  5. ^ a b c d "Without Venezuela's oil, Haiti struggles to keep lights on". Associated Press. 17 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  6. ^
    United States State Department
    . Retrieved 14 August 2019. The delegations of Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, the United States, Honduras, Guatemala, Haiti, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and the Dominican Republic reaffirm the right to democracy enjoyed by the peoples of the Americas ... In this context, we recognize and express our full support to the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, who has assumed the role of President in charge of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, in accordance with the constitutional norms and the illegitimacy of the Nicolás Maduro regime.
  7. ^ Bushnell, David. The Liberator, Simón Bolívar. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970. Print.
  8. ^
  9. ^ Frank O. Mora, Jeanne A. K. Hey (2003), Latin American and Caribbean Foreign Policy, Rowman & Littlefield. p151
  10. ^ Collins, Edward Jr.; Cole, Timothy M. (1996). "Regime Legitimation in Instances of Coup-Caused Governments-in-Exile: The Cases of Presidents Makarios and Aristide". Journal of International Law & Practice. 5 (2): [p. 199].
  11. ^ "Migration Emergencies and Human Rights in Haiti". www.oas.org. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  12. ^ Nugent, Ciara (24 June 2019). "Why a Venezuelan Oil Program Is Fueling Massive Street Protests in Haiti". Time. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  13. ^ a b c Ian James, Associated Press, 4 December 2011, AP Interview: Haiti leader says Venezuela aid key
  14. ^ Miami Herald, 5 February 2012, ALBA bloc of nations to see new members
  15. ^ "Haiti Signs Resolution towards Military Intervention in Venezuela". The Haiti Sentinel. Retrieved 2019-09-20.