Germany–Venezuela relations

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Germany-Venezuela relations
Map indicating locations of Germany and Venezuela

Germany
Venezuela

Germany–Venezuela relations have a long tradition and were officially established in 1871. During

Die Linke.[2][3]

History

Germans were involved in the colonization of Venezuela as early as the 16th century. In 1528, Emperor

Eldorado from the colony. The Welser's were finally deprived of the governorship over Little Venice by the Spanish Crown in 1556 after a legal dispute.[4]

In the 17th and 18th centuries,

Kaiserstuhl founded the Colonia Tovar. German immigrants established cultural and educational institutions, learned Spanish, and integrated into the majority society.[5]

The

German Unification, and in 1893 a Venezuelan legation was established in the German Empire under Joaquín Crespo. In 1899, the German-Venezuelan Club was founded. In 1902, a diplomatic conflict arose after German citizens in Venezuela were dispossessed. As a result, British and German ships blockaded the coast of Venezuela. The dispute was settled a year later. After World War I, economic relations between the two countries deepened and Germany became one of the most important trading partners for Venezuela. During World War II, Venezuela first remained neutral and finally broke off diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany in 1941. After German U-boats disrupted shipping off Venezuela, German assets in the country were expropriated and German institutions were closed.[4]

After World War II, diplomatic relations were re-established on April 28, 1954, between the

German Democratic Republic (GDR).[6] After the German Reunification, Bundespresident Roman Herzog visited Venezuela in 1996. Hugo Chávez became president of Venezuela in 1999 and adopted an anti-Western course in foreign policy. He made German sociologist Bernard Mommer his deputy minister in the Ministry of Energy and Petroleum in 2005.[4]

In 2008, Chavez attacked German Chancellor

Die Linke party, Andrej Hunko, met President Maduro in Caracas on a "state visit" and expressed solidarity with him, which was met with criticism in Germany. [9] However, after the protests in Venezuela subsided, the recognition of Guaidó as president of Venezuela was reversed by the German government in 2021.[10]

Economic relations

There is an investment promotion treaty and a double taxation agreement between the two countries. However, with the severe

Frankfurt am Main was discontinued.[11] Bilateral trade volume in 2021 was only 93 million euros, a fraction of that with neighboring Colombia (2.6 billion euros).[12]

Cultural relations

There are numerous cultural contacts between the two countries. German institutions active in the country include the

Colegio Humboldt Caracas there is a German school abroad in the country.[11]

Migration

Since the 16th century, German migration to Venezuela occurred and Germans founded cities such as Coro, Maracaibo and Colonia Tovar. The latter settlement shows a strong German cultural imprint until the 21st century.[13]

In 2018, just under 6000 Venezuelans lived in Germany.[14] Nearly six million Venezuelans fled their homeland under the Maduro government as part of the economic crisis in the country, with nearly 10,000 of them settling in Germany by 2020.[15]

Diplomatic locations

See also

References

  1. ISSN 1865-2263
    . Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  2. ^ Tobias Käufer (2020-12-09), "Linke-Fraktion: Unser geliebter Maduro", Die Welt (in German), retrieved 2022-10-16
  3. ISSN 0931-9085
    , retrieved 2022-10-16
  4. ^ a b c "Deutsch-venezolanische Beziehungen - pangloss.de". www.pangloss.de. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  5. ^ Rolf Walter/Nikolaus Werz. "Deutsche in Venezuela vom 16. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart - eine Skizze" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-10-16.
  6. ^ "Venezuela: Steckbrief". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  7. ISSN 2195-1349
    . Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  8. ^ deutschlandfunk.de. "Venezuela - Deutschland erkennt Guaidó als Interimspräsidenten an". Deutschlandfunk (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  9. ISSN 2195-1349
    . Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  10. ^ amerika21 (2021-01-29). "Guaidó für Bundesregierung nicht mehr Interimspräsident Venezuelas". amerika21 (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ a b "Deutschland und Venezuela: Bilaterale Beziehungen". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  12. ^ "Rangfolge der Handelspartner im Außenhandel" (PDF). Statistisches Bundesamt. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  13. ^ deutschlandfunk.de. "Colonia Tovar". Deutschlandfunk (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  14. ^ Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). "Can Germany be a new home for young Venezuelans? | DW | 18.05.2018". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
  15. ^ "Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela | R4V". Retrieved 2022-10-16.
  16. ^ "Deutsche Vertretungen in Venezuela". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  17. ^ "Vertretungen Venezuelas in Deutschland". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-31.

External links

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