Haj Ali Razmara
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Timsar Haj Ali Razmara | |
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 Razmara in uniform. | |
| 28th Prime Minister of Iran | |
| In office 26 June 1950 – 7 March 1951 | |
| Monarch | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi |
| Preceded by | Ali Mansur |
| Succeeded by | Khalil Fahimi (Acting) Hossein Ala' |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 30 March 1901 Lieutenant General |
Ali Razmara, also known as Haj Ali Razmara (Persian: حاجعلی رزمآرا, romanized: Hāj'ali Razm-ārā; 30 March 1901 – 7 March 1951), was a military leader and prime minister of Iran.
He was assassinated by 26-year-old
Early life and education
Razmara was born in
Career
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2017) |
Razmara was appointed prime minister by
Razmara began trimming the government payrolls, eliminating a large number of officials out of a total of 187,000 civil servants. At one stroke he terminated nearly 400 high-placed officials. By so doing, Razmarra earned the wrath of the powerful land-owning and merchant families and most conservatives without gaining the confidence of the radical
Anglo-Iranian oil negotiations
Ali Razmara came closer than any other prime minister to ratifying the supplemental oil agreement between
Razmara was in office at the direct urging of the British Foreign Office and the AIOC to the Shah. They wanted a stronger figure than Razmara's predecessor, Prime Minister Mansur, to ensure the success of the Supplemental Agreement. "Only a man with [Razmara's] fierce determination, they believed, would be strong enough to face down Mossadegh and the National Front."[5]
Assassination
On 7 March 1951, Razmara went to the
At a public demonstration the following day attended by more than 8,000 Tudeh Party members and National Front supporters, Fadayan-e Islam distributed leaflets carrying a threat to assassinate the Shah and other government officials if the assassin, Tahmassebi, was not set free immediately. Threats were also issued against any Majlis member who opposed oil nationalization.
The National Front was led by
In 1954
Effects on Iranian government
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On 12 March 1951 the Majlis voted to nationalize Iran's oil. Not one Majlis member voted against the Act. A spectator in the gallery is reported to have shouted "Eight grains of gunpowder have brought this about." This was followed by a vote on 28 March to expropriate the AIOC properties at Abadan.
The Shah appointed Hussein Ala to succeed Razmara as prime minister. This move was met by further assassinations, riots, and demonstrations throughout the country. Ala ultimately resigned his post as prime minister. The Shah opted to go with former Prime Minister Sayyid Ziya al-Din Tabatabai but the Majlis, led by the National Front, voted Mohammed Mossadegh to the post.
The nationalization of the oil industry was supported by the vast majority of the Iranian public, who believed it would lead to prosperity for all. After a series of further assassinations of several more government ministers by their then ally Fadā'iyān-e Islam, Prime Minister Mossadegh and the National Front were finally able to nationalize the oil and expel the AIOC. As this move dealt a severe blow to the monarchy as well as to British interests in Iran, the US and Britain orchestrated the now well-known coup d'état in 1953, code-named
Personal life
Razmara married Anvar ol Molouk Hedayat who was a sister of Sadegh Hedayat, an Iranian author.[1][8] They had five children.[1] One of his sons, Nowzar, was the SAVAK’s chief of station in Cairo, Egypt, in the late 1970s.[9]
Notes
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8156-0907-0.
- .
- ISBN 978-1-137-32588-4.
- ^ Kinzer, Stephen. All The Shah's Men (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003. p. 66
- ^ Kinzer, p. 72
- ^ S2CID 145391253.
- ^ hdl:2027.42/64683.
- S2CID 185086482.
- S2CID 187523435.
References
- 'Alí Rizā Awsatí (عليرضا اوسطى), Iran in the past three centuries (Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh – ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Volumes 1 and 2 (Paktāb Publishing – انتشارات پاکتاب, Tehran, Iran, 2003). ISBN 964-93406-5-3(Vol. 2).
- Mostafa Elm, Oil, Power, and Principle: Iran's Oil Nationalization and Its Aftermath (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1994). ISBN 0-8156-2642-8
- Mary Ann Heiss, Empire and Nationhood: The United States, Great Britain, and Iranian Oil, 1950–1954 (Columbia University Press, 1997). ISBN 0-231-10819-2
- Stephen Kinzer, All The Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror (John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2003). ISBN 0-471-26517-9
- Yousof Mazandi, United Press, and Edwin Muller, Government by Assassination (Reader's Digest September 1951).
Further reading
- Shahvar, Soli (April 2023). "A Soviet View on the Assassination of the Iranian Prime Minister, Haj ʻAli Razmara, in the Context of the Early Years of the Cold War". Iranian Studies. 56 (2): 309–320. S2CID 256789628.
External links
Media related to Ali Razmara at Wikimedia Commons
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