Harivarman IV
| Jaya Harivarman IV | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raja-di-raja | |||||||||
Quang Nam, Champa | |||||||||
| Died | 1081 Indrapura | ||||||||
| Issue | Jaya Indravarman II (Prince Vak) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Dynasty | Harivarmanid dynasty | ||||||||
| Religion | Hinduism | ||||||||
Harivarman IV or Prince Thäng (?–1081), Sanskrit name Vishnumürti, was the ruling king of Champa from 1074 to 1080. His father was a noble belonging to the Coconut clan (northern tribes), and his mother was a member of the Areca clan (southern tribes).[1]
Rise to power
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Rudravarman III (r. 1062–1074) was tyrant king. He estranged the Nha Trang elites, agitating a chaotic civil war between the Phan Rang and the Nha Trang aristocrats in 1069. Champa then transitioned into a turbulent period of chaos caused by the reign of Rudravarman. The war had left Champa completely devastated.
From the north, two brothers Prince Thäng and Prince Pang, who descended from the Coconut clan (narikelavamsa, northern tribes) and the Areca clan (kramukavamsa, southern tribes) triumphantly defeated all enemies and warlord factions, and reunified Champa.
Reign
Prince Thäng was crowned king Harivarman of Champa at Chiem Son (near Tra Kieu) in 1074, declaring himself protector of Champa, establishing a new dynasty. He set about rebuilding the kingdom: he constructed a capital, restoring the citadel of Tralauṅ Svon and streamlined state welfare and happiness.[2]
Reform and building
Harivarman was described as having ‘originalish mind’ and ‘want to make Champa as a great power again’ like,
Diplomacy
Harivarman defeated a Vietnamese raid led by Chancellor
Subsequently,
Matrilinealism
In his textual epitaph, Harivarman praises indigenous Cham traditions of matrilinealism while the text was written in Sanskrit, which, very conflicted with Indian traditions, through he was a very religious man.[6]
Retirement and succession
Harivarman stepped down in 1080 and chose his nine-year-old son Prince Väk as heir, crowned as Jaya Indravarman II (r. 1080–81, 1086–1113). He then entered esoteric religious life, and died in 1081. The deceased king's funeral took place on a pyre according to the tradition of Sati, with his first-queen and second-rank queen.[7] The inexperienced young Jaya Indravarman II, "did not know how to govern the kingdom properly and did everything contrary to the rules of the government", was deposed by his uncle and chief regent, Prince Pang.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Coedès 1975, p. 154.
- ^ Griffiths et al. 2012, p. 220.
- ^ Lafont 2007, p. 159.
- ^ Griffiths et al. 2012, p. 221.
- ^ Coedès 1975, p. 152.
- ^ Lafont 2007, p. 62.
- ^ Lafont 2007, p. 160.
Bibliography
- Coedès, George (1975), Vella, Walter F. (ed.), The Indianized States of Southeast Asia, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-824-80368-1
- Griffiths, Arlo; Lepoutre, Amandine; Southworth, William A.; Phần, Thành (2012), The inscriptions of Campā at the Museum of Cham sculpture in Đà Nẵng / Văn khắc Chămpa tại bảo tàng điêu khắc Chăm – Đà Nẵng, Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City Publishing House (published in collaboration with EFEO and the Center for Vietnamese and Southeast Asian Studies, Hồ Chí Minh City)
- Lafont, Pierre-Bernard (2007), Le Campā: Géographie, population, histoire, Indes savantes, ISBN 978-2-84654-162-6
- Maspero, Georges (2002), The Champa Kingdom, White Lotus Co., Ltd, ISBN 978-97475-3-499-3