Haydar Khan Amo-oghli

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Haydar Khan Amo-oghli
Social Democratic Party
(1904–1910)

Haydar Khan Amo-oghli Tariverdi

Persian Constitutional Revolution and among the founders of the Communist Party of Persia.[2]

Early years

He was born in

Alexandropol in 1886. As a student of Tbilisi Polytechnic University, he became more closely acquainted with the ideas of and history of socialism; in 1898, he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
.

In Mashhad

Haydar Khan arrived in Iran as an inexperienced young man with no knowledge of Persian and was unfamiliar with Iranian society and culture, but was driven to action by his restlessness, his sense of mission, and a belief in his exceptional love for Iran and the Iranians. Upon humiliating an official (Saham ol mulk Motavalibashi) in Khorasan, he comments in his memoirs, "I had only one purpose in mind, which was to show the people of Khorasan (Iran) who had little or no education and understanding that [the official] was also an ordinary human being."[2] He remained 15 months in Mashhad and after that he went to Tehran as the engineer of Haj Amin Al-zarb electrical plant.

In Tehran

He arrived Tehran in 1903, where the Persian Constitutional Revolution was about to unfold. He may have exaggerated his part in the Constitutional Revolution when he claimed that he was the one who sent the first group of people to take refuge on the grounds of the British Embassy. However, upon the death of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah and the accession of Mohammad Ali Shah, Haydar Khan, now more experienced and knowledgeable, played a significant role in moving Iranian politics in a radical direction.[2]

On the very day that the

Majles. Haydar Khan admitted that he had masterminded the assassination, and this was confirmed by Hassan Taqizadeh, who, however, denies that there had existed a Terror Committee on whose orders Haydar Khan committed the act. Ali Asghar Khan had just persuaded the Shah to work with Parliament, where he had a strong enough base to guarantee its cooperation. As a result of his death, the parliamentary coalition he had constructed quickly evaporated. Moreover, the Shah became more suspicious of Parliament, and, as the politicized crowd saw the revolutionary potential of prime minister's removal, Parliament became less willing to accommodate the Shah. The lines became sharply drawn, increasing the likelihood of violent conflict.[2]

Other members of the political elite who attempted to bridge the gap between the Shah and the Constitutionalists were also the targets of Haydar Khan's political terrorism. These included Mirza Ahmad Khan Ala-al-Dawla and the Khedmat Society, which included members of the old regime who professed Constitutionalist sympathies. However, the most radical attack by Haydar Khan took place on 28 February 1908, when a bomb was thrown at the Shah's motorcade. Haydar Khan who by that time became known under the pseudonym "Bombist" for his terrorist activities, was found responsible for the plot and was arrested, but he was soon released at the insistence of his parliamentary Social Democrat comrades. This single act of violence was followed by the Shah's closing of Parliament. The Shah and the Constitutionalists now stood against each other, and both sides were armed. Consequently, in 1909, for the first time in the Middle East, a monarch was dethroned in the name of the people.[2]

During this conflict, Haydar Khan first escaped to

Sayyed Abdullah Behbahani
, who led the conservative wing of the Constitutionalists.

Later, Haydar Khan, in support of the Democrats and the governmental forces during the government of the popular

Mojahed groups, veterans of the armed struggle during the Constitutional revolution who were now providing military support for the Conservatives. Haydar Khan and the Democrats supported Yeprem Khan, the Armenian
head of the police force, and succeeded in disarming them. Sattar Khan died soon afterwards as a consequence of an injury he sustained in action.

In March 1911, Haydar Khan was forced to leave Iran. The Conservatives had regrouped, and the Russians, who invaded Iran and occupied Azerbaijan, did not wish to permit a revolutionary neighbor on their border. After obtaining money from the deposed Shah in Russia (by pretending that he would help restore him, the Shah, to his former throne), Haydar Khan left for Europe.

Death

The

Mirza Kuchek's knowledge. Following this, his body was extensively embalmed and smuggled out of the country to France
.

References

  1. ^ رحيم, ‏رضازادۀ ملك، (1973). ‏حيدرخان عمواوغلى / (in Persian). روزبه،.
  2. ^ a b c d e Sheikholeslami, Alireza. "HAYDAR KHAN ʿAMU-OḠLI". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
  3. ^ Tadeusz Swietochowski, Brian C. Collins. Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan. Scarecrow Press, 1999; p. 17.
  4. ^ "ḤAYDAR KHAN ʿAMU-OḠLI". Retrieved 15 November 2015.

Further reading

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