Sattar Khan

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Sattar Khan
Shah-Abdol-Azim shrine
Political partyModerate Socialists Party[1]
SpouseFatemeh
ChildrenYadollah, Soltan, Masoumeh, Jalil

Sattar Khan (

Iranian Constitutional Revolution and is considered a national hero by the Iranian people.[2]

Biography

Early life

Sattar Khan was born in

Qaradagh. During his childhood, his eldest brother, who had become a highway robber, was executed by the authorities.[6]

The family later moved to Tabriz where Sattar himself came into conflict with the law when he tried to find a hideout for two Caucasian fugitives to whom his father had given shelter. He was incarcerated for two years in Narin Qalʿa, a notorious local prison. Afterwards he too became a brigand and was subsequently imprisoned again. He also served in the gendarmerie controlling the main road between Khoy and Marand, and for a while found employment as part of the armed escort to the crown prince Mozaffar-al-Din Mirza and was given the title of "khan" (which means "sir" in the Persian language).[6]

Later, after a period in Tehran, he headed an auxiliary troop fighting

Turkmen highway robbers near Mashhad.[6]

Revolutionary

Sattar Khan had close ties to the

Bagher Khan
as his deputy, and Ali Musyo, Haji Ali and Seyed Hashem Khan as other notable members.

Baqer Khan

By April 1909, the Tabriz rebels had lost a large number of their fighters in driving out royalist forces from the city. Taking into account Sattar Khan and

Bagher Khan
's heroism during the battle, Sattar Khan was honored by the title of "Sardar-e Melli" (سردار ملی, "National General") and Bagir khan "Salar-e Melli" (سالار ملی, "National Leader") by the order of the Assembly.

The early victories of the rebels in Tabriz greatly influenced other Constitutionalists across Iran. Special committees with the name of "Sattar Khan" were established in Tehran, Rasht, Qazvin, Isfahan and other cities. Sattar Khan's reputation also led to the powerful Bakhtiyari tribal leaders to throw in their lot with the Tabriz rebels.[8]

Portrait photograph of Sattar Khan with his rifle.

Most of the cities of Azarbaijan province were cleared of royalist military forces by October 1908.

Mohammad Ali Shah
authorized the reopening of the Majles in Tehran in order to try and placate the opposition.

The Second Majles was held in December 1908. It ordered a plaque of honor with images of Sattar Khan and Bagher Khan carved on it in gold as a token of appreciation for their services.

The strengthening of revolutionary power in the wake of the Tabriz victory frightened not only the

Qajar Shah but also his allies, Russia and Great Britain. In March 1910, Sattar Khan and Bagher Khan set out for the capital Tehran with 300 pro-Moderates[9]
soldiers, where they were greeted by large numbers of supporters April 3, 1910.

Sattar Khan and his warrior camped out in

Shahr-e Ray
, just outside Tehran.

Legacy

Sattar Khan is remembered in Iran as the heroic leader of the

Iranian Constitutional Revolution
and is the subject of poems and songs.

See also

References

  1. ^ Ali Mohammadi (1378). "حزب اجتماعیون اعتدالیون از پیدایش تا فروپاشی" (PDF). Yad (in Persian) (53–56): 433.
  2. ^ "Historic Personalities of Iran: Sattar Khan". www.iranchamber.com.
  3. ^ Iran and Its Place Among Nations, by Alidad Mafinezam, Aria Mehrabi, 2008, p.57
  4. ^ Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Facts on File, Incorporated, 2009 p.78
  5. ^ The Turks in World History, by Carter Vaughn Findley - Professor of History Ohio State University, 2004, p.146
  6. ^ a b c "SATTĀR KHAN – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org.
  7. ISBN 0-262-19477-5
  8. ^ Arash Khazeni, Tribes & empire on the margins of nineteenth-century Iran, University of Washington Press, 2009. (p. 172)
  9. ISBN 0-691-10134-5
    .
  10. ^ Houri Berberian, Armenians and the Iranian constitutional revolution of 1905-1911: "the love for freedom has no fatherland", Westview Press, 2001. (p. 154).

External links

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