Hassan Taqizadeh
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Sayyed Hassan Taghizadeh | |
---|---|
Member of the National Consultative Assembly | |
In office 17 July 1947 – 25 January 1950 | |
Constituency | Tabriz |
In office 17 October 1906 – 1920 | |
Constituency | Tabriz |
Personal details | |
Born | 27 September 1878 |
Sayyed Hasan
Although in the modern political history Taqizadeh is known as a
Biography
Secretly Taqizadeh studied
In 1909, under the guidance of Taqizadeh the first modern pro German political party, the Ferqeh-ye Demokrat-e Iran (
Under the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi (1925–1941), Taqizadeh contributed to the formation of the modern Iranian nation-state. During his political career of seventy years, Taqizadeh served as
Taqizadeh's views are not characterized by ideological continuity, but by many breaks in the course of his life, which have contributed to the difficulty of writing a consistent account of his life. Taqizadeh was a natural politician. If he was convinced that his alliance with a person or country would further interests of Iran, he often was ready to ally himself with them. Similarly, he would abandon his allies if he believed that his alliance would be detrimental to his country. The following two quotations are indicative of the divergence of views that exist concerning Taqizadeh:
"He [Taqizadeh] had won deserved fame by his fearless independence and wonderful grasp of political affairs. There is something so sympathetic in his face, so attractive, with eyes sparkling with cheerful animation. (...). If I am not mistaken he is of those whose genius is capable of inspiring great enthusiasm, great sacrifices, and whose influence leaves a lasting impression of the history of nations." (Edward Granville Browne)
"In which position was Taqizadeh true and sincere? What were the motives of that contradictory behaviour? He was not adept at political truth and honour." (Fereydun Adamiyat)
Views vary as to the degree to which Taqizadeh served the interests of Iran and her people. Some experts believe that he made the Iranian interests secondary to that of the United Kingdom during the period of the Constitutional Revolution, and to that of Germany during World War I. Others suggest that he allied with the United Kingdom with the intention of protecting Iran against the Russian expansionist policies. They are of the opinion that Taqizadeh was a supporter of the Iranian constitution and that during World War I, he allied with Germany to oppose the Anglo-Russian influence which was aimed at undermining Iran's independence. In addition, they believe that in 1942 Taqizadeh attempted to bring about a close relationship between Iran and the
Chronology of Taqizadeh's life
This section is in prose. is available. (July 2023) |
27 September 1878: Born in Tabriz.
1896: Established the Tarbiyat (Education) school and a
1898: Taught physics at Loqmaniya in Tabriz. Translated the book 'Ajaeb-e Asemani (Astrnomie Populaire) by Camille Flammarion.
1899/1900: Studied English at the
January 1903 — January 1904: Published the magazine Ganjineh-ye Fonun (Treasure of Sciences).
1904: Travelled to the Caucasus and Istanbul for six months, to Egypt for several months and to Beirut for fifty days. Published the discourse Tahqiq-e Ahval-e kononi-ye Iran ba Mohakemat-e Tarikhi (Research into the contemporary condition of Iran from historical perspective) in newspaper Hekmat (Wisdom), in Cairo.
October 1905: Returned to Tabriz.
September 1906: Arrived in Tehran. Published some articles in Neda-ye Vatan (Voice of Nation).
October 1906: Elected by merchants of Tabriz as deputy to the First Majles. Published articles in Sur-e Esrafil (whose editor, Mirza Jahangir Khan, of Bábí background, was killed following Mohammad Ali Shah's coup d'état of June 23, 1908) and Mosavat (Equality).
June 1908: Was exiled from Iran by Mohammad Ali Shah; left for Europe.
September 1908: Organised political activities against Mohammad Ali Shah in the United Kingdom.
November 1908: Returned to Tabriz.
August 1909: Arrived in Tehran after the victory of Mojaheds. Membership to the "Temporarily Board of Directors". Elected deputy to the Second Majles.
October 1909: Deputy to the Second Majles and parliamentary leader of Ferqeh-ye Demokrat-e Iran (Democratic Party of Iran).
1910: Left (forced to leave Tehran) for Tabriz after the assassination of
1911: Left Istanbul for Europe.
June 1913: Left for New York, staying for nineteen months in the United States of America. Published four political articles in French about the political situations of Iran, Ottoman and Arabic countries in Revue du Monde Musulman (Study of the Muslim World).
January 1915: Left the United States of America for Germany (
January 1916 — March 1922: Published the periodical
January 1922 — July 1923: Went, as deputy of the Iranian State, to Moscow for formation of a friendship agreement. Stayed for one and a half year in Moscow.
1923: Married to his German wife, whom he called by the name 'Atiyeh (Gift).
July 1924: Returned to Iran. Elected deputy to the Fifth Majles. Became member of the Ma'aref (Cultural Affairs) Commission.
June 1926: Travelled to the United States of America as official Iranian representative to the
1927: Returned to Iran. Elected deputy to the Sixth Majles.
1928: Became Governor-general of Khorasan province.
1929: Became Iranian
March 1930: Returned to Iran. Accepted to become Minister of Roads and Transport.
August 1930 — August 1933: Was Minister of Finance.
April 1933: Signing of the prolongation of the oil-concession.
November 1933 — July 1934: Became Iranian Minister Plenipotentiary to Paris.
1934: Travelled to the United Kingdom for his Lecture at Royal Society of Arts about the Iranian situation. End of his duties assigned to him by the Iranian embassy in Paris. Left for Berlin, staying there for fifteen months.
1935: Was Iranian Deputy at the "International Association of Orientalists" in Rome.
1936: Went to
October 1941: Became Iranian ambassador to the United Kingdom. Was Chairman of the Iranian delegation to the United Nations in connection with the case of Azerbaijan.
1945: Protest to the United Nations in connection with the Russian occupation of Tabriz.
October 1947: Elected deputy from Tabriz to the Fifteenth Majles. Was Chairman of the Iranian Board at the Congress of Orientalists (Cambridge, United Kingdom), Chairman of the Iranian Board at International Congress of Avicenna (Baghdad), Chairman of International Congress of Avicenna (Tehran).
1949 — 1967: Deputy at the Senate. Chairman of Senate.
1954: Was Scientific adviser and member of the Board of Directors of the "Translation Institution and Book Publication".
1954: Participated in the International Congress of Orientalists in Cambridge (United Kingdom).
1957: Chairman of the Iranian Board at Congress of Orientalists (Munich). Went to the United States of America for teaching at Columbia University.
1958: Was Chairman of the Iranian Society of Philosophy and Humanities. Participated in the establishment of an offset printing-house.
1966: Was Chairman of the first International Congress of Iranists (Tehran).
28 January 1970: Died in Tehran.
See also
- Lafayettein Iran".
- Abdolhossein Teymourtash
- List of Iranian senators
- List of ambassadors of Iran to the United Kingdom
- Revival Party
Notes
- ^ Hassan is a variant and common spelling of Hasan.
- ^ Taghizādeh is an alternative spelling of Taqizādeh.
- ^ The original version of this text was extracted from the Master Thesis by Sepehr H. Joussefi (see References and External Links); some editorial changes had been unavoidable. In its present form, this text as yet almost entirely relies on the text by Joussefi.
- Manicheism. His contributions on these subjects which are listed in a brief bibliography (A locust's leg, pp. 19-20) are of permanent value and they will remain indispensable to future students. Taqizadeh's career, a rare combination of statesman and scholar, is reminiscent of such French politicians and scholarly authors as his contemporaries Léon Blum and Édouard Herriotwho were also uncommonly successful in integrating a political career and public life with a scholarly avocation."
- ^ Iran and Its Place Among Nations, by Alidad Mafinezam, Aria Mehrabi, 2008, p.57
- Mohammed Mosaddeq. A constituent assembly endorsed the dynastic change in December, only three Socialist Deputies abstaining. (Nikki R. Keddie, p. 86).
- Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh, it contained striking editorial features by Taqizadeh, in one of which he said that Iran must become wholly Western in every way if it were to progress; this is perhaps the high point of the Westernist view of nationalism, which Taqizadeh himself later modified." (Nikki R. Keddie, p. 181).
- OL 25367437M
- Ebrahim Poordavood.
- ^ "Among Kaveh's topics were public education, equality for women, the need for a strong central government and to control the tribes, and advocacy of sports and more translations from Western languages." (Nikki R. Keddie, p. 80). "The wartime issues of Kaveh were largely nationalist and pro-German, but also had cultural content." (Nikki R. Keddie, p. 74).
- ^ Image:Malek al-Motakallemin.jpg
References
- Sepehr H. Joussefi, Seyyed Hasan Taqizadeh: a Political Biography in the Context of Iranian Modernization, Master Thesis (The Netherlands, 1998). [1]
- Nikki R. Keddie, with a section by ISBN 0-300-09856-1
- A locust's leg. Studies in honour of S. H. Taqizadeh, pp. vii and 250 (Percy Lund, Humphries & Co., Ltd., London, 1962). For a review of this work see: M. J. Dresden, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 85, No. 2, pp. 260–262 (1965). [2]
Further reading
- ISBN 964-351-138-3. Note: This book is also available in two volumes, published by Amir Kabir Publications in 1984. Amir Kabir's 1961 edition is in one volume, 934 pages.
- Ahmad Kasravi, History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution: Tarikh-e Mashrute-ye Iran, Volume I, translated into English by Evan Siegel, 347 p. (Mazda Publications, Costa Mesa, California, 2006). ISBN 1-56859-197-7
- ISBN 964-372-095-0.)
Note: Mehdi Malekzādeh is son of the Constitutional revolutionary Mirzā Nasr'ollah Beheshti, best known as Malek al-Motakallemin (King of Orators).(For the time being consult the biography of Mirza Jahangir Khan - Mangol Bayat, Iran’s First Revolution: Shi’ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905–1909, Studies in Middle Eastern History, 336 p. (Oxford University Press, 1991). ISBN 0-19-506822-X
- John Foran, The Strengths and Weaknesses of Iran’s Populist Alliance: A Class Analysis of the Constitutional Revolution of 1905 - 1911, Theory and Society, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 795–823 (December 1991). JSTOR
Books by Taqizadeh
- S. H. Taqizadeh, Old Iranian Calendars (Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1938). ISBN 978-0-7189-0933-8.
- Payam Nabarz, and S. H. Taqizadeh, The Persian 'Mar Nameh': The ISBN 978-1-905524-25-9.
External links
- Sepehr H. Joussefi, Seyyed Hasan Taqizadeh: a Political Biography in the Context of Iranian Modernization, Master Thesis (University of Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1988). [3]
- S. H. Taqizadeh, Old Iranian Calendars (Printed and published under the patronage of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1938). [4]
- A short biography of S. H. Taqizadeh in Persian. [5]
- Images of Revolution. The Constitutionalist Revolution: 1906-1909. [6]