Hemimysis anomala

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Hemimysis anomala
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Mysida
Family: Mysidae
Subfamily: Mysinae
Genus: Hemimysis
Species:
H. anomala
Binomial name
Hemimysis anomala

The bloody-red mysid, Hemimysis anomala, is a

North American Great Lakes.[2]

Distribution

The species is native to freshwater margins of the

endangered in some parts of its indigenous range (Ukraine
).

The species has entered the Great Lakes via the

Saint Lawrence River in July 2008; it is now found in all the major Great Lakes waterbodies, except for Lake Superior.[4]

Anatomy and morphology

Telsons of H. anomala and M. diluviana.

Mature individuals reach 6–13 millimetres (0.24–0.51 in) in length; females are slightly larger than males. The species can be ivory-yellow in colour or translucent, but exhibits pigmented red

crepuscular behaviour,[5] varies with contraction or expansion of the chromatophores in response to light and temperature conditions; in shaded areas, individuals tend to have a deeper red colour. Juveniles are more translucent than adults. Preserved individuals lose their colour, becoming opaque. H. anomala is distinguishable from other mysid species including the Great Lakes' native opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana by its truncated telson with a long spine at both corners; by contrast, M. diluviana has a forked telson.[2]

Habitat

The bloody-red mysid favours hard bottom surfaces, including rocks and shells and avoids soft bottoms and areas of dense vegetation or high siltation. In its native range, the species is found in water depths ranging from 0.5 to 50 metres (1.6 to 164.0 ft), although they generally inhabit depths of 6–10 m (20–33 ft). The species is normally found in

lentic
waters, although it has successfully established in European rivers; it has also been found along rocky, wave-exposed shorelines. It tolerates salinity concentrations of 0–19 ppt and prefers water temperatures of 9–20 °C (48–68 °F). Populations may survive temperatures of 0 °C (32 °F) over winter, but not without substantial mortality.

Food

H. anomala is an opportunistic

thoracic
limbs, either by capturing prey with its endopods or by removing food particles from its body that are filtered from incoming currents by its exopods.

Behaviour

A swarm of bloody-red mysids in the shadow of a pier

Individuals remain near

breakwalls; at night, the swarms disperse.[2]
The species is also reported to spend daylight hours hiding in rocky crevices and boulder cavities.

Life history

H. anomala breeds from April to September / October. Sexual maturity occurs in 45 days; life span is about 9 months.[2] Females become ovigerous at 8–9 °C (46–48 °F) and produce 2 to 4 broods per year. Brood size is correlated with female length and ranges from 6 to 70 embryos per individual.

Impact as an invasive species

Given the species' very recent introduction into the Great Lakes, its impact is yet to be established. It is not expected to compete with the native M. relicta, as it prefers the cold water environments below the lakes'

benthic fish seem to benefit from the new food source. The species' routine vertical migration through the water column results in continuous cycling of pollutants, such as heavy metals
, that would otherwise be confined to the benthic zone.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hemimysis anomala.
  1. ^ a b c d e Rebekah M. Kipp; Anthony Ricciardi (April 17, 2007). "Hemimysis anomala Factsheet". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on May 22, 2007. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Great Lakes New Invader: Bloody Red Shrimp (Hemimysis anomala)". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  3. ^
    PDF
    )    . The National Aquatic Nuisance Species Clearinghouse. 18 (1): 1, 4–7.
  4. doi:10.3391/ai.2008.3.4.17
    .
  5. doi:10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[285:iotpbm]2.0.co;2
    .

External links
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