Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland
Henry Percy | |
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Earl of Northumberland, King of Mann | |
Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy | |
Mother | Mary of Lancaster |
Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron Percy, titular King of Mann,
Life
Henry Percy was originally a follower of
On King Henry IV's coronation, Henry Percy was appointed
Rebellion
In September 1402 the Percys took part in the Battle of Homildon Hill, which led to the capture of many Scots nobles. Henry did not want them to be ransomed, leading to another quarrel.[3] In 1403 the Percys turned against Henry IV in favour of Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, and then conspired with Owain Glyndŵr against Henry. The Percy rebellion failed at the Battle of Shrewsbury, where Hotspur was killed. Since the earl did not directly participate in the rebellion, he was not convicted of treason. However, he lost his office as Constable.
In 1405 all three parties signed the Tripartite Indenture, which divided England up between them. Glyndŵr was to be given Wales, and a substantial part of the west of England, Northumberland was to have received the north of England, as well as Northamptonshire, Norfolk, Warwickshire, and Leicestershire. The Mortimers were to have received the rest of southern England, below the river Trent.[4]
Later in 1405 Percy supported Richard le Scrope, Archbishop of York, in another rebellion, after which Percy fled to Scotland, and his estates were confiscated by the king.
In 1408 Percy invaded England in rebellion once more and was killed at the Battle of Bramham Moor. His severed head was subsequently put on display at London Bridge.
Marriages and issue
In 1358, he married Margaret Neville (12 February 1339 – 12 May 1372), daughter of
In 1381, he married Maud Lucy (1343 – 18 December 1398), daughter of
In literature and media
Northumberland is a major character in Shakespeare's
His position as a character in the Shakespearean canon inspired the character of
The novel Lion of Alnwick by Carol Wensby-Scott is the first volume of the Percy Saga trilogy which retells the story of "the wild and brilliant Percy family" and relates a fictionalised account of the lives of the 1st Earl of Northumberland and his son Henry "Hotspur" Percy. The other novels in the trilogy, Lion Dormant and Lion Invincible tell the story of his other descendants and their role in the English War of the Roses.
Henry Percy and his son Hotspur are also essential characters in Edith Pargeter's novel, A Bloody Field by Shrewsbury which recounts the events leading up to the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403.
He is a major character in My Lord John by Georgette Heyer.
Ancestry
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References
- OCLC 247620448.
- ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 787.
- ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 788.
- ISBN 978-0-349-11790-4p. 95
- ^ Daniel Lysons and Samuel Lysons, 'Cockermouth', in Magna Britannia: Volume 4, Cumberland (London, 1816), pp. 40-45 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/magna-britannia/vol4/pp40-45
Sources
- Rymer, Thomas Foedera, The Hague, 1739 [1]
- Beltz, G.F. Memorials of the most noble Order of the Garter, from its foundation to the present time London 1841 [2]
- Doyle, J.W.E, The Official Baronage of England London 1886 [3]
- Jean Froissart, Chronicles
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 787–788.
Further reading
- Towson, Kris Henry Percy, first earl of Northumberland : ambition, conflict and cooperation in late mediaeval England St Andrews PhD Thesis, 2005.
- Rose, Alexander Kings in the North – The House of Percy in British History. Phoenix/Orion Books Ltd, 2002, ISBN 1-84212-485-4(722 pages paperback)