Henry of Castile the Senator
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Henry of Castile | |
---|---|
Castilian House of Ivrea | |
Father | Ferdinand III of Castile |
Mother | Elisabeth of Swabia |
Henry of Castile[1] (March 1230 – 8 August 1303), called the Senator (el Senador), was a Castilian infante, the fourth son of Ferdinand III of Castile by his first wife, Beatrice of Swabia.
Youth and rebellion
Henry spent his childhood at Burgos, where among his tutors was the future cardinal Giles of Torres.[2] He received the typical education of a royal prince in both arms and letters.
In 1246, Henry accompanied his father on the
As early as 1246, Henry had refused his father's request that he pay
These insults induced Henry plot against Alfonso. In a meeting at
English exile
Henry arrived at the English court in towards the middle of 1256. He lived comfortably there for three years entirely on King Henry's good graces, but the English offered him no political support.
After several sojourns in France proved fruitless, Henry decided to seek his fortune in Africa, where the Hafsid emir of Tunis, Muhammad al-Mustansir, had carved out a large empire. After securing a vow that he would not attack Castile, the king of England let Henry leave for Tunisia in July 1259, even granting him a safeconduct through the Gascon ports under his control.[2]
Tunisian expedition
Henry sailed to Catalonia, but King James refused to allow any of his vassals to accompany Henry to Tunisia. In 1260, Henry arrived in Tunis, where his brother Frederick soon joined him. Henry took command of a contingent of Spanish knights in the service of al-Mustansir. In 1261, with the emir's brother, Abou Hafs, he led an attack on the desert city of
In Tunis, Henry adopted the customs and dress of the Hafsid court, much to the shock of the local Christian community. He used the money he earned in the emir's service to finance commercial ventures originating out of the Genoese merchant colony in Tunis. From funds accrued through this trade, the king of France, Louis IX, was later able to make a loan to Henry of England.[2]
Italian campaigns
Henry later made his way to Italy, where he joined his cousin
As a result, when his cousin Conradin invaded Italy in 1268, Henry changed sides and joined him. He was one of Conradin's generals at the Battle of Tagliacozzo; he was in command of a host of three hundred Spanish knights sent by his brother Afonso X of Castille. He won the first encounter against the French, but was defeated by a surprise attack of a hidden reinforcement of one thousand French knights under Charles of Anjou. After the loss of the battle, he fled to the Convent of San Salvatore, Monte Cassino, where he was captured by the Angevins.
Imprisonment
According to
In 1272, his half-sister Eleanor and her husband King Edward I of England came to Sicily on return from the Crusades. Eleanor's attempts to get him released from prison were unsuccessful, but she kept in touch with him until her own death.
On 8 March 1286, Pope Honorius IV absolved him from the excommunication he had incurred when he had ravaged the city of Rome with Conradin, and committed insults and harm to Cardinal Giordano Orsini (the future Pope Nicholas III), his nephew Matteo Rosso Orsini, and Giordano Savelli. His absolution was conditional upon sacramental confession and restitution for all the damages done to interested parties, or, if he had insufficient means, a solemn promise to make full restitution when he was able.[3]
Both Eleanor and Charles were dead before Henry was finally released in 1291. He returned to Castile in 1298, where he was appointed regent for his grandnephew, King Ferdinand IV. He married Juana Núñez de Lara, but had no known legitimate children before his death in 1304.
Traditions
According to tradition he had a son out of wedlock with a lady called Mayor Rodríguez Pecha, daughter of the lord (
A recent study attributes the cavalry novel "
References
Sources
- Kamp, Norbert (1993). "Enrico di Castiglia (Henricus de Castella, Henricus de Hispania, Arrigo di Castiglia, Anrricus, Don Enrrique)". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Vol. 42. Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
Further reading
- Ballesteros Beretta, Antonio. Sevilla en el siglo XIII
- Parsons, John Carmi. Eleanor of Castile: Queen and Society in Thirteenth Century England
- ISBN 0-521-43774-1.
- Santiago Sevilla Setecientos años buscando al Author del "Amadís" in Liceus El Portal de las Humanidades.
- Santiago Sevilla Personajes Reales en el Amadis in Liceus El Portal de las Humanidades
- Santiago Sevilla El Verdadero Author del Amadís de Gaula Diario de León Jueves 13 de Marzo de 2008
- Santiago Sevilla Parentescos Principescos y Amadís in Liceus El Portal de las Humanidades.
- Santiago Sevilla La Geografía fantástica del Amadís de Gaula in Liceus El Portal de las Humanidades.
- Paolo Borsa Letteratura Antiangioina tra Provenza, Italia e Catalogna. La Figura di Carlo I
- Peter Herde Die Schlacht bei Tagliacozzo, Zeitschrift für Bayerische Landesgeschichte
- Giuseppe Del Giudice Don Arrigo Infante di Castiglia Biblioteca nazionale Sagarriga Visconti-Volpi-Bari - BA.
- Arrigo da Castiglia Don Alegramente e con grande baldanza / canzone/ in Virgilio da Benedetto, Contributi allo studio della poesia storico politica delle origini. Due poesie per la discesa in Italia di Corradino di Svevia 1956.
- Ferdinand Gregorovius Wanderjahre in Italien in Projekt Gutenberg-DE
- Valeria Bertolucci Pizzorusso, Universitá di PisaDon Enrique / Don Arrigo: un infante di Castiglia tra storia e letteratura. ALCANATE IV 2004-2005 Revista de Estudios Alfonsíes El Puerto de Santa María