History of electricity in Iran
The history of electricity in Iran covers the past events and establishments in Iran regarding the use of electricity, which are of historical value.
The first known use of electricity in Iran was in the early 1850s by Iranian students of the
The first
Background
In the first quarter of 19th century, government issued an instruction, for instalment of
Use of electricity by Baghdad battery
The Baghdad Battery is the name given to a set of three artifacts which were found together: a ceramic pot, a tube of copper, and a rod of iron. It was discovered in close proximity of
Use of electricity for communication
Before the use of electricity for lighting, for the first time electricity was used for an experimental telegraph communication between the two rooms in Dār ul-Funun institution, in early 1850s.[6] This was done by Iranian students of the institution, and for the next time, they extended its length up to Lalehzar garden.[6]
What these students had accomplished, resulted in establishing of a telegraph line from
First use of electricity for lighting
Based on the memoirs of Mohammad Hassan Khan Etemad al-Saltaneh, there had been an electricity generator which had been installed in "Baab-e Homayoun" and it had some number of lamps connected to it, which was lighting the "Baab-e Homayoun" street.[6] The date for use of this generator is unknown, but it must be before 1879.[6]
There is also a report by Etemad al-Saltaneh, which describes establishment of a small electric factory by
Lighting for Shah's palace and ceremonies
Not much later than
Considering production of electric lamps by
Tadj-o Saltaneh, daughter of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, has written in her memoirs about a game by use of electric lamps, in the court, which was known as "Cheragh Khamoosh Koni", which was like when the lights were turned off by the Shah, the ladies in the court could cause chaos as per their wish, but suddenly when the light was turned on, all those who were misbehaving could be seen.[13] This might be the first recorded use of electricity as a game.[13]
Larger electricity generating factories
The first large municipal power plant of Iran was established in 1902 by Mohammad Bagher Milani, who was better known as "Rezayof" in Mashhad city.[14] Its capital was provided by Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, and in addition to Imam Reza shrine it was lighting a street called as "Bala Khiaban" which was in between the factory and the shrine.[14]
The next large municipal power plant was established in 1905 by Mohammad Hosein Amin ol-Zarb in Tehran, whose power capacity was 400 kilowatt, and was working based on steam piston. He was a capitalist originally from Isfahan, and bought this factory on his trip to Russia, for 500 Tooman. This power plant which was named as "Cheragh Bargh" was generating single phase 220 volts electricity and three phase 380 volts electricity to customers for 6 hours a day.[15][16]
Modern developments
Around the year 1924 the private sectors including flour, spinning, and textile factories, along with some municipalities in different cities of Iran, established their own small generators of the type of diesel or steam turbine, in order to provide the electricity for their industry or lighting the city.[17]
In 1937, the first electric power plant with the power of 6400 KW, of steam type, was bought by Tehran municipality. It was situated in north east of Tehran, out of Doshan-Tappe gate (Meydan-e Shohada), and later diesel generators and also other steam turbines was added to increase the production power of the plant.[17]
By establishing of plants of Amir Kabir Dam, Alestum (Tarasht plant) and Farajabad (Be'sat) by 1969, and production of enough electricity for the time, the plants which were situated in Doshan-Tappe were closed.[17]
Today, more than 91% of Iran’s electricity production is from thermal power plants, which are based on natural gas, fuel oil, and diesel.[18] On the other hand, more than 95% of total fossil-based power generation of Iran, are based in 61 major Iranian power plants.[18]
References
- ^ صالحنژاد, نرگس. "تاریخچه ورود چراغ های روشنایی به ایران". کجارو. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ "آشنایی با نخستین کارخانه تهران". همشهری آنلاین (in Persian). 2 October 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ جمشیدنژاد, نگار (22 December 2020). "خیابان چراغ برق، سوسویی از گذشتههای تاریخی". امرداد (in Persian). Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ "Riddle of 'Baghdad's batteries'". BBC. 27 February 2003. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ "اولین باتری الکتریکی". باتری مارکت (in Persian). 16 January 1400. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h قلیزاده مهدیخانمحله, سولماز. "روشنایی تهران با سوغات فرنگ". www.cgie.org.ir (in Persian). Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ محبوبی اردکانی, حسین (1380). تعلیقات بر المآثر و الآثار. تهران: اساطیر. p. ج۲.
- ^ تبرائیان, صفاءالدین. "آتش در کارخانهٔ چراغ گاز تهران"، تاریخ معاصر ایران. بنیاد مستضعفان. p. ۲۰۶-۲۲۲.
- ^ حامد, محمدصادق; حبیبی, منوچهر (1376). تاریخ صنعت برق در ایران (in Persian). تهران: انتشارات تابش تهران. p. ۱۸-۲۰.
- ^ بانکیان, محمداسماعیل (1383). یکصد سال صنعت برق ایران (in Persian). تهران: فردوس. p. ۲۱۴-۲۱۵.
- ^ در اسناد منتشرشده در تاریخ صنعت برق در ایران، به ماجرای ورود این مولد در سالهای ۱۳۰۱-۱۳۰۲ هجری قمری برابر با ۱۲۶۳-۱۲۶۴ هجری خورشیدی پرداخته شدهاست.
- ^ a b "اولین لامپ در ایران". میتره (in Persian). 25 April 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ a b "کارخانه برق تهران، ۸۰ ساله شد". ایسنا (in Persian). 10 June 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ a b "روزی که تهران روشن شد". www.irna.ir (in Persian). Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ "سرگذشت خیابان امیرکبیر". کتابخانه دیجیتال مدیریت شهری (in Persian). 17 May 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ میرزایی, مینو (29 May 2021). "فرمان ناصرالدین شاه برای تأسیس کارخانه چراغ گاز". هستان (in Persian).
- ^ a b c "اولین نیروگاه برق ایران کی و توسط چه کسی راه اندازی شد؟". تاریخ ما (in Persian). Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ a b Jorli, Mojtaba, et al. "Estimating Human Health Impacts and Costs due to Iranian Fossil Fuel Power Plant Emissions through the Impact Pathway Approach." Energies, vol. 10, no. 12, 2017, pp. 2136.