History of the Hellenic Republic

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This article is about the Hellenic or Greek Republics in the 19th and 20th centuries. For the Ancient Greece republic, see Athenian democracy.

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The history of the Hellenic Republic constitutes three

modern history of Greece: from 1822 until 1832; from 1924 until 1935; and from 1974 through to the present. See also the constitutional history of Greece
.

First Hellenic Republic (1822–1832)

Main article: First Hellenic Republic

The First Hellenic Republic (

civil war and the victories of Ibrahim Pasha
.

In 1827, the Third National Assembly at Troezen selected Count Ioannis Kapodistrias, who had previously been in Russia's diplomatic service, as Governor of Greece for a term of seven years. He arrived in Greece in January 1828 and established the Hellenic State, ruling with quasi-dictatorial powers. He was assassinated by political rivals in 1831 and was succeeded by his brother, Augustinos Kapodistrias until in 1832 the Great Powers declared Greece a Kingdom and selected the Bavarian Prince Otto to be its king.

Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935)

Main article: Second Hellenic Republic

The Second Hellenic Republic (

confirmed by plebiscite
.

The first President of the Hellenic Republic was

War of the Stray Dog. Kountouriotis was reinstated and reelected to the office in 1929, but was forced to resign for health reasons later that year. He was succeeded by Alexandros Zaimis
, who served until the restoration of monarchy in 1935.

Despite a period of stability and relative prosperity under the last government of

Venizelist coup
was launched but quickly suppressed.

Following the outbreak of another

plebiscite
on 11 November which resulted in the return of King George II to the country.

Third Hellenic Republic (1974–present)

See also: Metapolitefsi

The current

Regime of the Colonels
which had controlled Greece since the coup d'état of 21 April 1967.

The Junta had already held a staged

Dimitrios Ioannides, who overthrew Papadopoulos in November 1973 in the aftermath of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. The Republic was maintained, but was nothing more than a façade for the military regime until August 1974, when the Turkish invasion of Cyprus
led to the collapse of the Junta.

After the fall of the regime and the return to civilian rule in August 1974 however, the legal and constitutional acts of the Junta were deemed invalid, and a new

referendum was held on 8 December 1974, which finally abolished the monarchy. A new Constitution, promulgated on 11 June 1975, declared Greece a presidential parliamentary democracy (or republic – the Greek
δημοκρατία can be translated both ways). This constitution, revised in 1985, 2001, 2008 and 2019, is still in force today.

See also

External links

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