History of the Peru national football team
The history of the Peru national football team dates back to the late 19th century, when English sailors and Peruvian travelers returning from England introduced the sport into Peru. It would take the early 20th century, in the year 1927, for Peru to finally create their first official national football team. Till the date, Peru has participated in five editions of the FIFA World Cup (1930, 1970, 1978, 1982 and 2018), its best results being the quarterfinals reached in 1970 and 1978, while in South America, it has been champion of the Copa América in 1939 and 1975.
Introduction of football in Peru
Football was brought to Peru by English sailors in the late 19th century during their frequent visits to Callao, which was then an important port of the Pacific Ocean.[1] During their free time, the English sailors played football and invited the local Chalacos (people from Callao) to participate. Allegedly, it was during these early games that the creation of the popular move known as the chalaca (short for "Chalacan Strike"), or bicycle kick, took place.[2] By the 1890s, British sporting clubs in the Peruvian capital such as Lima Cricket and Lawn Tennis were already playing football.[3] Football in Peru grew thanks to its practice by British residents and by Peruvians returning from England.[4]
The growing
In the 1900s (decade), the construction of the
1920s: National team creation
The Peruvian Football Federation joined CONMEBOL in 1925, but internal and economic problems prevented the creation of a national team that would officially represent the country internationally.[19] In 1922, an unofficial national team played against an Uruguayan team sponsored by the Uruguayan Football Association.[19] Subsequent years saw talented Peruvian football players gain international interest in their skills, which inspired Peruvian clubs to tour with success throughout South America to places such as Colombia, Venezuela, and Chile.[20] Thanks to significant numbers of British residents in Peru, the acceptance of the game by the local elites, and the rapid development of the sport among the urban poor of La Victoria district in Lima, Peru formed the strongest footballing culture in the Andean region at this time.[3]
In 1927, the Peru national team was officially created.[19] The team hosted the 1927 South American Championship, and Peru reached third place after losing to Uruguay by 4–0 in their debut match, defeating Bolivia 3–2, and losing to Argentina 1–5.[21] Nevertheless, due to internal corruption and the commotion surrounding the Great Depression, the team that played in the 1929 edition was selected by social favoritism rather than player skill, and lost all games.[22] A year later, la Blanquirroja was invited to participate in a new intercontinental competition, to be held in Uruguay: the first World Cup.[23]
1930s: First golden generation
The 1930s is considered to be the first golden era of Peruvian football.
Peru was the only South American football representative in the
In 1938, Peru won its first international title at the first Bolivarian Games, defeating Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.[33] In 1939, la Blanquirroja won Peru's first South American Championship (known later as the Copa América). The Peruvians defeated the Uruguayan team by a close score of 2–1 in the final,[34] after eliminating Ecuador, Chile, and Paraguay. Peru became the fourth nation to become South American champions, after Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil.
1940s-1960s
By 1941, la Blanquirroja's star-studded squad was beginning to show its age.[35] In the same year, Peru and Argentina played a three-game series for the Copa Roque Saenz Peña in Lima, and a struggling Peru managed to draw twice before finally losing the third match 3–0.[36] The national squad's diminishing effectiveness was most apparent during the South American Championships of the 1940s,[37] where the team's most positive performances came from goalkeeper José Soriano.[38] Peru would not win another international title until 1947, when the side won the Bolivarian Games.[33] Three years later, at the South American Championship held in Brazil, Peru gained third place after defeating Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Uruguay.[39]
By the 1950s, Peru had once again become a major protagonist in South American football, ranking among the
During the 1960s, Peru showed signs of improvement, winning the Bolivarian Games in
1970s: Second golden generation
The story of the second golden generation started in late 1969, when la Blanquirroja qualified for the
The participation of Peru in the 1970 FIFA World Cup was particularly memorable when the squad caused surprise as they advanced into the quarterfinals by defeating Bulgaria 3–2 and Morocco 3–0,[46][47][48] and despite losing 3–1 to Germany.[37][49] Although Peru lost the quarterfinal game to Brazil by 4–2,[50][51] la Blanquirroja would go on to win the Copa del Pacífico, were invited to participate in the Brazil Independence Cup, and won the Copa Mariscal Sucre.[37] Additionally, the squad won their second Copa América in 1975.[52][53][54]
In 1978, la Blanquirroja once again qualified for a World Cup. The squad, led by Marcos Calderón, had a different (4–4–2) formation from the early 1970s structure. Jaime Duarte, Héctor Chumpitaz, Rubén Díaz, and Germán Leguía were on the defense; César Cueto, Percy Rojas, Teófilo Cubillas, and José Velásquez on the midfield; Juan José Muñante, Juan Carlos Oblitas, Guillermo La Rosa, and Hugo Sotil on the attack; and Ramón Quiroga as the goalkeeper.[55]
Prior to the World Cup, the national squad defeated varied opponents such as China and Hungary.[37] Once into the World Cup finals, Peru reached the top of their group after defeating Scotland (3–1),[56][57][58] tying with the Netherlands (0–0),[59][60] and defeating Iran (4–1).[55][61] However, in the second round, Peru ended last in the group after losing to Brazil (0–3),[62] Poland (0–1), and to Argentina (0–6) in a controversial match that some claim was bought by Argentina's military junta.[55][63] After the tournament, the squad played some international friendlies to prepare for the Copa América of 1979; they would tie Scotland at Glasgow (1–1) and defeat Uruguay in Lima (2–0). Nonetheless, when the new tournament started, Peru was eliminated by Chile in the semifinals.
La Blanquirroja qualified for the
1980s-2000s
Peru nearly qualified for the 1986 World Cup. The team needed a victory against Argentina in order to directly qualify to the World Cup, but an Argentina led by Diego Maradona obtained a draw that forced Peru to participate in a play-off game against Chile, which Peru lost. Despite the adverse result, that same year Peru was invited to participate in its first Asian tournament, the Nehru Cup of India. In the 1987 Copa América, which began the alphabetical host rotation system, la Blanquirroja was unable to advance past the first round despite tying hosts Argentina (1–1) and rivals Ecuador (1–1).
Tragedy struck on December 8, 1987, when the airplane carrying
Peru's situation improved over time as the team attained fourth place at the
In 2007, Peru's
2010s
During 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification, a corruption and discipline scandal shook the national team as Peruvian journalists Jaime Bayly and Magaly Medina revealed that a series of Peru's most recognized players, including Claudio Pizarro, Andrés Mendoza, Santiago Acasiete, Paolo Guerrero, and Jefferson Farfán, were seen at nightclubs and parties only days before the team was scheduled to play qualifier matches. Several players were banned from playing for the national team while others were put under investigation.[78][79]
Peru's hopes of qualifying for the 2010 World Cup were dashed early on, as the team was the first CONMEBOL squad to be eliminated from the finals. The Peruvian sports press dubbed the current squad "Los Hijos de Burga" (the "Sons of Burga"), in reference to the FPF's president, who was widely blamed for Peru's terrible qualifying campaign. The press went on to name the squad the worst in the national team's 82-year history, amidst calls for Burga's resignation.
On July 2, 2010, Uruguayan
La Blanquirroja would next achieve third place at the 2011 Copa América, despite several of the team's key figures missing due to injuries.[89] This has greatly boosted confidence for the Peruvian team toward the upcoming 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification, but despite this high hope, indiscipline problem haunted the Peruvian squad, as the team went on to be knocked down following a 1–2 home loss to Uruguay.[90] This shocking elimination culminated hostile reaction from fans, and rocked the chair of then-President of FPF Manuel Burga, who had been responsible for already earlier elimination in 2010 World Cup qualifiers. Sergio Markarián stepped down as manager of Peru following the defeat. Eventually, Manuel Burga would step down as President of the FPF and replaced by businessman and inexperienced Edwin Oviedo.[91] Burga would be later prosecuted and arrested for corruption charge, eventually acquitted after investigation, but was permanently banned from football activities by FIFA in 2019.[92][93]
Under new leadership of Edwin Oviedo, the FPF began a systematic purge of corruption and the leadership, resulted with Juan Carlos Oblitas appointed as new technical director for the FPF. Under supervision of Oblitas, the FPF appointed Ricardo Gareca as new coach of Peru.[94] Gareca's arrival was met with skepticism and hostility by Peruvian media, having previously never coached any national team and his major success only lied with Vélez Sarsfield, as well as his goal that led to Peru's elimination from the 1986 FIFA World Cup qualification.
Gareca's first match as coach of Peru was against
Peru would also participate in the Copa América Centenario where Gareca led Peru to another outstanding performance, eliminating powerhouse Brazil in process, but lost to Colombia on penalty in the quarter-finals.[97] From there, Peru would have an amazing performance in the later half of the 2018 World Cup qualification, with the team only lost to Chile away and Brazil at home, and managed to hold Argentina twice, before held Colombia 1–1 at home to reach the playoff with New Zealand, eliminating Chile though not without controversy.[98] In the playoff, Peru overcame New Zealand 2–0 on aggregate, to finally qualify for the first ever FIFA World Cup after 36 years with Gareca accredited for the success, in an ironic way as Peru was eliminated by Gareca's goal back in 1985.[99]
In the
The 2019 Copa América became another memorable tournament for Peru, with the team reached its first final after 44 years. Peru, however, had a relatively poor form in the group stage, drawing Venezuela goalless, beating Bolivia 3–1 before got smashed 0–5 by host Brazil and only managed to finish in third place, facing Uruguay in the quarter-finals.[103] The Peruvian side would go on beating Uruguay in shock, after a goalless draw, Peru won in penalty 5–4, facing Chile in the semi-finals.[104] There, Peru achieved a resounding 3-0 victory over the Chileans to enter the final, setting up the second match against Brazil.[105] Though Peru would go on failing to win the title, falling 1–3 to the host, it became another memorable success of Peruvian football team.[106] After finishing the tournament, Paolo Guerrero became the top scorer along with the Brazilian Everton with three goals.[107]
Recent History
Copa América 2021
For the 2021 Copa América, the national team traveled to Brazil with the aim of playing the tournament in the forty-seventh edition of the competition.[108][109] The Peruvian team, led by Ricardo Gareca, together with the host Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela formed group B of the contest.[110] The team debuted with a heavy 0–4 defeat against the Brazilian team.[111][112] Subsequently, Peru obtained a 2-1 victory against Colombia with goals from Sergio Peña and an own goal from Yerry Mina,[113] in the next game, Peru tied against Ecuador 2-2 with goals from Gianluca Lapadula and André Carrillo.[114][115]
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