Horse-eye jack

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Horse-eye jack

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Carangiformes
Family: Carangidae
Genus: Caranx
Species:
C. latus
Binomial name
Caranx latus
Agassiz, 1831
Synonyms
  • Xurel latus (Agassiz, 1831)
  • Caranx lepturus Agassiz, 1831
  • Caranx fallax Cuvier, 1833
  • Caranx richardi Holbrook, 1855
  • Carangus aureus Poey, 1875

The horse-eye jack (Caranx latus), also known as the big-eye jack, is a

invertebrates, such as shrimp and crab
.

Taxonomy and phylogeny

The horse-eye jack is classified within the genus Caranx, one of a number of groups known as the jacks or trevallies. Caranx itself is part of the larger jack and horse mackerel family Carangidae, which in turn is part of the order Carangiformes.[2]

The horse-eye jack was first

ichthyologist John Nichols to describe C latus as a 'form' of C. sexfasciatus.[6]
This analysis is no longer accepted, with the two species considered separate.

The horse-eye jack was included in a wide-ranging study of the

molecular systematics of the Carangidae. In various analyses and models, C. latus always reliably placed in Caranx, being basal to a clade consisting of C. vinctus and C. caninus.[7]

The species is commonly known as the horse-eye jack or horse-eye crevalle in reference to the large eyes of the species. Other lesser used names include big-eye jack and false jack.[5]

Description

Horse-eyed Jacks in Belize

The horse-eye jack is a large fish; it can grow to a maximum recorded length of 101

vertebrae are present. Like the crevalle jack, the horse-eye jack is known to develop hyperostosis in parts of its skeletal structure.[10]

Adult horse-eye jack are typically dark blue to silvery-blue above, becoming silvery white to golden below.

caudal fin is yellow to dusky in color.[12] Unlike the crevalle jack, there is no dark spot at the base of the pectoral fin, although but there may be dark spots on the gill covers. Juveniles exhibit a series of about five dark vertical bars on their flanks which fade with age.[8]

Distribution

Horse-eye Jacks with diver

The horse-eye jack is commonly found in the

St. Paul's Rocks to Ascension Island and, rarely, in the Gulf of Guinea
. It is a
brackish
waters and can live in river mouths, but it is typically found in saltwater up to 140 m in depth.

The adult horse-eye jack commonly swims with others in a

Halichoeres radiatus, a type of wrasse
.

Interaction with humans

sea catfish

The fish is generally wary of

bubbles
the diver exhales.

Throughout its range, the Horse-eye jack is a popular

ciguatera toxin and so should be consumed with caution, if at all.[14] The toxins C-CTX-1 and C-CTX-2 of this fish are potent, both have an LD50 of 3.6 μg / kg and 1 μg / kg respectively.[15]

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T191829A86346808.en
    . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6
    .
  3. ^ a b Spix, J.B. von; Agassiz, L. (1831). Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam annos MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis. p. 374.
  4. ^ a b California Academy of Sciences: Ichthyology (June 2013). "Caranx latus". Catalog of Fishes. CAS. Retrieved 2013-06-13.
  5. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2013). "Caranx latus" in FishBase. June 2013 version.
  6. ^ Nichols, J. (1938). "Notes on Carangin Fishes III - On Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy and Gaimard" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (998): 1–6. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  7. PMID 12099802
    .
  8. ^
    ISBN 92-5-104827-4
    .
  9. ^ a b Fischer, W; Bianchi, G.; Scott, W.B. (1981). FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes: Eastern Central Atlantic Vol 1. Ottawa: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.
  10. S2CID 84280467
    .
  11. ISBN 978-1421407685
    .
  12. ISBN 978-0-471-44995-9
    .
  13. ^ "jack, horse-eye". igfa.com. International Game Fish Association. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  14. ^ "Horse-eye Jack description". igfa.com. International Game Fish Association. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  15. PMID 9241783
    .

External links

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