Hyaloperonospora parasitica
Hyaloperonospora parasitica | |
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Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis on Arabidopsis thaliana | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
Clade: | SAR |
Clade: | Stramenopiles |
Phylum: | Oomycota |
Order: | Peronosporales |
Family: | Peronosporaceae |
Genus: | Hyaloperonospora |
Species: | H. parasitica
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Binomial name | |
Hyaloperonospora parasitica (Pers.) Constant., 2002
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Hyaloperonospora parasitica is an oomycete from the family Peronosporaceae.[1] It has been considered for a long time to cause downy mildew of a variety of species within the Brassicaceae, on which the disease can cause economically important damage by killing seedlings or affecting the quality of produce intended for freezing.[2] Hyaloperonospora parasitica[3] causes downy mildew on a wide range of many different plants. It belongs to the Kingdom Chromista, the phylum Oomycota, and the family Peronosporaceae. The former name for H. parasitica was Peronospora parasitica until it was reclassified and put in the genus Hyaloperonospora. It is an especially vicious disease on crops of the family Brassicaceae. It is most famous for being a model pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana which is a model organism used for experimental purposes.[4][5][6] Accordingly, the former Hyaloperonospora parasitica has been split into a large number of species. For instance, the taxonomically correct name of the parasite of the well-known model organism Arabidopsis thaliana is Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, not H. parasitica, whereas the pathogen of Brassica has to be called Hyaloperonospora brassicae.[7][8]
Host range and symptoms
The infection first appears as
Disease cycle
This is a polycyclic pathogen with a sexual and an asexual stage. It thrives in cool moist environments. Over winter in the soil, oospores survive and wait for spring.[4] In warmer conditions when it gets to about 47–53 degrees F the oospores will germinate and produce an appressorium or form a short germ tube. The mycelium grows intracellularly and haustoria penetrate through the host cells when the temperature is around 60 degrees F. After about 1–2 weeks when the temperature is between 60 and 64 degrees F, conidiophores (the asexual stage) will form out of the plant stomata bearing conidia. Sporulation occurs at night. The conidia disseminate in high humidity mornings when it's about 50–60 degrees.[4] Meanwhile, during the sexual stage, the antheridia (the male sex organ) fertilizes the oogonium (the female sex organ) with a fertilization tube and an oospore is developed.[4]
Pathogenesis
Hyaloperonospora parasitica is an obligate biotroph, meaning it lives off a host obtaining nutrients.[3] The pathogen infects about six hours after landing on a plant surface.[4] The spores produce an appressorium which in turn produces a penetration peg. This hypha grows from bottom of the appressorium and works its way through an intercellular junction of two epidermal cells. As the penetration peg grows between cells, haustoria grow into the cells to gain nutrients.[4] The oomycete grows until it has penetrated through the entire leaf where conidiophores are then grown out of the stomata and disseminated by wind and rain.
Synonyms:[10]
- Botrytis parasitica Pers., 1796
- ...
References
- ^ http://www.mycobank.org/Biolomics.aspx?Table=Mycobank&MycoBankNr_=374990[full citation needed]
- ^ Smith, I.M.; Dunez, J.; Lelliot, R.A.; Phillips, D.H.; Archer, S.A. (1988), European Handbook of Plant Diseases, Blackwell Scientific Publications, ]
- ^ a b c http://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=39723[full citation needed]
- ^ PMID 20569375.
- doi:10.1139/b03-066.
- PMID 16990040.
- S2CID 35520729.
- PMID 19061957.
- .
- ^ Species Fungorum - Species synonymy Archived 2007-10-16 at the Wayback Machine
Further reading
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Wirthmueller, Lennart; Roth, Charlotte; Fabro, Georgina; Caillaud, Marie-Cécile; Rallapalli, Ghanasyam; Asai, Shuta; Sklenar, Jan; Jones, Alexandra M. E.; Wiermer, Marcel; Jones, Jonathan D. G.; Banfield, Mark J. (2015). "Probing formation of cargo/importin-α transport complexes in plant cells using a pathogen effector". The Plant Journal. 81 (1): 40–52. PMID 25284001.