India–Pakistan border
| Indo–Pakistani border | |
|---|---|
Shimla Agreement (1972) | |
| Notes | The Line of Control divides Kashmir between India and Pakistan—it is not a part of the internationally recognized section of the border due to the Kashmir conflict |
The India–Pakistan, Indo–Pakistani or Pakistani-Indian border is the
Pakistani-administered Kashmir; and at its southern end is Sir Creek, a tidal estuary in the Rann of Kutch between the Indian state of Gujarat and the Pakistani province of Sindh.[1]
Arising from the
the subcontinent, ranging from major urban areas to inhospitable deserts.[2] Since the beginning of the India–Pakistan conflict shortly after the two countries' conjoined independence, it has been the site of numerous cross-border military standoffs and full-scale wars.[2] The border's total length is 3,323 kilometres (2,065 mi) according to figures given by the PBS;[2] it is also ranked as one of the most dangerous international boundaries in the world, based on an article written in Foreign Policy in 2011.[3] During the nighttime, the India–Pakistan border is distinctly visible from outer space due to the 150,000 floodlights installed by India on approximately 50,000 poles.[4][5]
Section distinction
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The border between the two nations is an internationally recognised frontier from Gujarat/Sindh only with exemption to the
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.[6]
The border between Indian-administered Kashmir and the Pakistani province of Punjab is officially called the "Working Boundary" by the UN.[7] India regards it as the international border.[6]
Sections of the India–Pakistan border from north to south:
- Pakistani-administered Kashmir. Its current form was demarcated after the 1972 Simla Agreement.
- Working Boundary: Separates Punjab, Pakistan from Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. It is referred to as a working boundary by the UN;[7] Pakistani Punjab is internationally recognized as a part of Pakistan by both parties while Jammu and Kashmir is a disputed territory (claimed by Pakistan, controlled by India).[8][6]
- International Boundary or Radcliffe Line (IB): The demarcated line between the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, recognized by both sides internationally.
Border crossings
- ICP Border crossings with designated Integrated Check Posts (ICP) with immigration and customs facilities are:
- Attari and Wagah is the most famous and prominent border crossing point between India and Pakistan due to the Attari–Wagah border ceremony. The crossing is located 32 kilometres from Amritsar and 24 kilometers from Lahore.
- Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. In February 2006 it was reopened and since then the Thar Express operates from Bhagat Ki Kothi in Jodhpur, India to Karachi, Pakistan.[9]
- Other crossings
- Ganda Singh Wala border, Kasur District (Pakistan side) / Hussainiwala border, Punjab (India side)
- Sulaimanki, Punjab (Pakistan side) / Fazilka border, Okara District (India side)
- Longewala (closed)
Border ceremonies
At the following border crossing sites and the beating retreat flag ceremonies are jointly held by the military of both nations every day at 6:30 pm, which are open to public as tourist attractions.[10][11] No special permit or ticket is needed. The ceremony sites are as follows (from north to south):
- Punjab, India – Punjab, Pakistan
- Attari–Wagah border ceremony near Amritsar in Punjab.[10][11]
- Sadiqui–Sulemanki border ceremony near Fazilka in Punjab.[12][13][14]
- Rajasthan – Sindh
- Munabao–Khokhrapar border ceremony in Barmer district in Rajasthan.[10][11]
Attari–Wagah border ceremony
The flag lowering ceremony at the village of
2019 India-Pakistan standoff.[18]
Similar border ceremonies held by India (Border Security Force, BSF) and Pakistan (Pakistan Rangers) occur at Fazilka border (India side) / Sulaimanki, Punjab and Hussainiwala border, Punjab (India side) / Ganda Singh Wala border, Kasur District (Pakistan side). These rituals are attended primarily by the local villagers and garner very few spectator tourists.[citation needed]
Gallery
-
"Baba Chamliyal Mela" traditional celebration at the India–Pakistan border near Ramgarh, 45 km (28 mi) from Jammu, where both Indians and Pakistanis take part in the festivities. -
EveningWagah–Attari border ceremony, as seen from the Pakistan`s side. -
The floodlit border zone between Pakistan and India seen from outer space. -
Trucks on the former Indian National Highway 1, waiting to cross the border at Wagah–Attari. -
Pakistani Ranger standing guard at the Wagah border crossing. -
Female Indian Border Security Force personnel taking part in the ceremonial retreat at the India–Pakistan border crossing (Wagah–Attari), 2010. -
Map of the India–Pakistan border along theSindh, Pakistan. -
India-Pakistan border at Wagah, 2017 -
India gate in Wagah/Attari -
See also
- Borders of India
- Borders of Pakistan
- Partition of India
- India–Pakistan relations
- India–Pakistan border skirmishes
References
- ^ Khan, MH (5 March 2006). "Back on track". Dawn News archives. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- ^ a b c PBS Release (26 July 2005). "Border Jumpers The World's Most Complex Borders: Pakistan/India". PBS. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- ^ PHILIP WALKER (24 June 2011). "The World's Most Dangerous Borders". The Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 24 March 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- ^ "India-Pakistan Borderlands at Night". India-Pakistan Border at Night. NASA. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
- ^ "Annotated image from NASA".
- ^ a b c Library, C. N. N. (8 November 2013). "Kashmir Fast Facts". CNN. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
- ^ a b "Deployment". United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan. 2 April 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
- ^ "From Line of Control to Working Boundary". Daily Times. 3 March 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- ^ "Radcliffe Line to divide India-Pakistan was formed this day: Read about it here". India Today. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ a b c d 5 crossing points in India: All you need to know, India Today, 10 OCt 2016.
- ^ a b c d Beating Retreat Wagah India, CHanging Guards, accessed 8 July 2021.
- ^ Sadqi retreat ceremony, nic.in, accessed 8 July 2021.
- ^ Second Wagah: India, Pak agree to new ceremony, beating retreat on Punjab border, Hindustan Times, 201 April 2017.
- ^ At Sadiqi border, strained Indo-Pak ties dampen spirits, The Tribune, 17 April 2019.
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
- ^ a b c d Clark, Tawny. "India and Pakistan's beautiful border ritual". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
- ^ "Pakistan border bombing kills dozens". 3 November 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
- ^ "Daily Retreat ceremony along Attari-Wagah border cancelled: BSF". The Economic Times. 1 March 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
External links
Media related to India-Pakistan border at Wikimedia Commons- "How this border transformed a subcontinent | India & Pakistan". Vox. 26 June 2019. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021.
- International Boundary Study No. 86 – 2 December 1968 India – Pakistan Boundary
