Indies Empire architecture
Empire Style |
Indies Empire style (Dutch: Indisch Rijksstijl) is an
History
Rise of the Indies Empire style
The development of the Indies Empire style is strongly related to the
With the arrival of
By the end of the 19th-century, clubhouses and playhouses were built in big cities of the Indies such as
In the 19th century, the Indies Empire style is considered a representative of the "uptown" of Batavia, the area south of the "downtown" Kota Tua. Indies Empire Style is described as a trend in which houses were built in "...one storey with large gardens, with front and back galleries and high and wide halls; houses with hanging roofs where shade, air, and coolness were the dominant privileges...", compared with the earlier Dutch style houses in Kota Tua, described as houses with "...high dark rooms with the beamed ceilings, the white painted walls, and the red tiled floors."[7]
Decline
Indies Empire style flourished until the early 20th century, when the style was met with criticism. Indies Empire style in Indonesia was not the work of a professional architect, but the design of a building supervisor (opzichter). Modern academics such as architects
Characteristics
Indies Empire style is essentially Empire Style conformed to the tropical setting of the Dutch East Indies. Similar to the
An Indies Empire Style building has a symmetrical layout and composition. It consists of a main building, sometimes with additional pavilions situated on both sides of the main building. The main building contains a central hall which connects both the front and rear portico as well as various rooms inside. A gallery connects the main building with a service building which contains rooms for slaves, storage, kitchen, and other service facilities. The whole compound is situated on a large piece of land with spacious gardens at the front, rear, and sides of the main building. Tropical palm trees usually decorate this landscaping.[4]
Examples
Indies Empire style buildings can still be found in major colonial cities in Indonesia such as Jakarta and Surabaya. Below are notable examples of Indies Empire style buildings in Indonesia.
- Residential buildings
- Gedung Pancasila (Jakarta, 1830)
- Istana Bogor (Bogor, 1856)[6]
- Istana Merdeka (Jakarta, 1873)[6]
- Istana Negara (Jakarta, 1804–1848)[6]
- Jakarta City Hall (Jakarta)
- Marine Hotel, Batavia (Jakarta, 1815?)
- National Gallery of Indonesia – main building (Jakarta, 1817)
- Palace of Daendels, now A.A. Maramis Building (1809)[6]
- Civic buildings
- Fine Art and Ceramic Museum(Jakarta, 1870)
- Gedung Kesenian Jakarta (Jakarta, 1821)[6]
- Jakarta Immanuel Church Jakarta, 1839)[6]
- National Museum of Indonesia (Jakarta, 1862)[6]
- Societeit Harmonie (Jakarta, 1815)[6]
See also
- List of colonial buildings and structures in Jakarta(late 18th century to 1870)
- Colonial architecture of Indonesia
- Rumah adat
- Landhuis
- New Indies Style
- Rumah Melayu
- Sino-Portuguese architecture
- Bahay kubo
- Bahay na bato
- Earthquake Baroque
References
- ^ a b Handinoto 1994, pp. 1.
- ^ Milone 1967, pp. 408.
- ^ Nas 2009, pp. 128–30.
- ^ a b Handinoto 1994, pp. 8.
- ^ Handinoto 1994, pp. 11–2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Gemeentemuseum Helmond 1990, pp. 12–5.
- ^ Merrillees 2001, p. 14.
- ^ Moojen 1924b, pp. 105.
- ^ Handinoto 1994, pp. 11.
Works cited
- Handinoto (December 1994). ""INDISCHE EMPIRE STYLE" – Gaya Arsitektur "Tempo Doeloe" Yang Sekarang Sudah Mulai Punah" ["Indische Empire Style" – the endangered Tempo Doeloe architecture style] (PDF). DIMENSI – Journal of Architecture and Built Environment (in Indonesian). 20. Surabaya: Institute of Research and Community Outreach Petra Christian University. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- Het Indische bouwen: architectuur en stedebouw in Indonesie : Dutch and Indisch architecture 1800–1950. Helmond: Gemeentemuseum Helmond. 1990. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
- Merrillees, Scott (2001). Batavia in Nineteenth Century Photographs. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet. ISBN 9789813018778.
- Milone, Pauline Dublin (July 1967). "Indische Culture, and its Relationship to Urban Life". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 9 (4) (published 3 June 2009): 407–426. S2CID 143944726. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
- Moojen, P.A.J. (1924b). "Ontwikkeling der Bouwkunst in Nederlandsch-Indië 1. Nederlandsche Bouwkunst" [Development of Architecture in the Netherlands East Indies 1. Netherlands Architecture]. Bouwen Tijdschrift voor Holland en Indië (in Dutch).
- Nas, Peter J. (March 2009). Masa lalu dalam masa kini: arsitektur di Indonesia [The Past in the Present: Architecture of Indonesia] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utam. ISBN 9789792243826.