Intersex (biology)
Intersex is a general term for an organism that has
Intersexuality can occur due to both genetic and environmental factors[4] and has been reported in mammals, fishes, nematodes, and crustaceans.
Mammals
Intersex can occur in mammals such as
At least six different mole species have an intersex adaption where by the female mole has an ovotestis, "a hybrid organ made up of both ovarian and testicular tissue. This effectively makes them intersex, giving them an extra dose of testosterone to make them just as muscular and aggressive as male moles". The ovarian part of the ovotestis is reproductively functional.[9][10]
Intersexuality in humans is relatively rare. Depending on the definition, the prevalence of intersex among humans has been reported to range around a figure of 0.018%.[11][12]
Nematodes
Intersex is known to occur in all main groups of nematodes. Most of them are functionally female. Male intersexes with female characteristics have been reported but are less common.[13]
Fishes
Gonadal intersex occurs in fishes, where the individual has both ovarian and testicular tissue. Although it is a rare anomaly among gonochoric fishes, it is a transitional state in fishes that are
Crustaceans
The oldest evidence for intersexuality in crustaceans comes from fossils dating back 70 million years ago.[4] Intersex has been reported in gonochoric crustaceans as early as 1729. A large amount of literature exists on intersexuality for isopoda and amphipoda, with there being reports of both intersex males and intersex females.[16]
See also
References
- ^ "intersex | Definition & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-07-10.
Intersex, in biology, an organism having physical characteristics intermediate between a true male and a true female of its species.
- ISBN 978-0-08-092323-9.
Thus, strictly speaking, all hermaphrodites are intersex at one time point, but not all intersexes are hermaphrodites. This definition is usually applied to gonochoristic species to describe those individuals that are not normal for the species.
- ^ "Malformation – Sexual anomalies". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
- ^ PMID 22265612.
- ISBN 978-0-521-46218-1.
- PMID 17088556.
- ^ "Intersex Pigs". Southwest Pacific Research Project. Retrieved 2023-03-07.
- ^ "Pigs in Paradise". Penn State University. Retrieved 2023-03-07.
- ^ https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/oct-17-coronavirus-and-pain-sampling-an-asteroid-intersex-moles-and-more-1.5763905/female-moles-are-intersex-they-have-testicle-like-tissue-that-helps-them-grow-big-and-tough-1.5763925,CBC Radio, accessed 2023-04-13
- PMID 33033216.
- Wikidata Q34163911.
- PMID 29503125.
The estimated frequency of genital ambiguity is reported to be in the range of 1:2000-1:4500
- ISBN 978-0-12-814115-1.
- ISBN 978-0-08-095809-5.
- ISBN 978-1-4398-4669-8.
- ISBN 978-0-19-068855-4.
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