Italian Anarchist Communist Union
Italian Anarchist Union Unione Anarchica Italiana | |
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Anarcho-communism | |
Political position | Far-left |
The Italian Anarchist Communist Union (
History
Formation
During the great social unrest of 1919 in Italy, the anarchist movement regained strength. In February 1919, the weekly Il Libertario directed by Pasquale Binazzi published the appeal for a congress of Italian anarchists. In a situation in which a revolution seemed to be approaching, it seemed essential to have an adequate organization and strategy.
From 12 to 14 April 1919 about 200 delegates gathered in
The return to Italy of Errico Malatesta in December 1919 and the subsequent birth in Milan of the anarchist newspaper Umanità Nova in February 1920, directed by Malatesta himself, gave further impetus to the development of the movement. While the anarchists relied above all on the Italian Workers' Union (USI), directed by Armando Borghi, the attempt to create a revolutionary united front with the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the General Confederation of Labour proved to be of little fruit.[5][6]
The Bologna congress (1920)
The Union's first Congress was held in Bologna from 1 to 4 July 1920 while the revolt in Ancona was underway, it was attended by delegates from 183 locations representing about 700 groups and almost all the leading exponents of the Italian anarchist movement, like Errico Malatesta, Armando Borghi and Luigi Fabbri.
The associative pact of the organization (which took the definitive name of the Italian Anarchist Union) and the political program drawn up by Malatesta were approved. The strategy of the revolutionary united front was reaffirmed.[7][8][2]
From the Biennio Rosso to the Biennio Negro
The
The fascist repression
After the failure of the 1922 general strike and in the aftermath of the March on Rome, the political action of the UAI became progressively more difficult. Almost all of the libertarian press, including Umanità Nova was suppressed,[10] the entire UAI Correspondence Commission was jailed and hundreds of militants were forced to go underground or take refuge abroad.[11] Even raising funds to support prisoners' families became a crime and the related solidarity committees were dissolved by the authorities. The last attempt to keep a semi-legal anarchist organization alive was established in 1925 by the Reorganizing Commission of the Italian Anarchist Union operating in Milan, but after the implementation of the fascist laws of November 1926, any legal opposition to the regime became impossible.[12]
Later developments
In the years of the
See also
References
- ^ Dadà 1984, p. 3.
- ^ a b La Torre 2006.
- ^ Masini 1981, p. 67.
- ^ Berti 2003, pp. 607–615.
- ^ Schirone 2010, pp. 17–35.
- ^ Berti 2003, pp. 616–632.
- ^ Berti 2003, pp. 681–693.
- ^ Schirone 2010, pp. 60–62.
- ^ Berti 2003, pp. 721–731.
- ^ Schirone 2010, pp. 149–159.
- ^ Berti 2003, p. 734.
- ^ De Agostini & Schirone 2015, pp. 17–22.
- ^ De Agostini & Schirone 2015.
Bibliography
- Berti, Giampietro (2003). Errico Malatesta e il movimento anarchico italiano e internazionale (1872-1932) (in Italian). OCLC 718103346.
- Dadà, Adriana (1984). L'anarchismo in Italia: fra movimento e partito (PDF) (in Italian). OCLC 848325796. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- De Agostini, Mauro; Schirone, Franco (2015). Per la rivoluzione sociale. Gli anarchici nella Resistenza a Milano (1943-1945) (in Italian). OCLC 910085347.
- La Torre, Placido (2006). "Il congresso dell'UAI nelle carte della Questura e in un resoconto argentino". In Antonelli, Tiziano (ed.). L'Unione anarchica italiana. Tra rivoluzione europea e reazione fascista (in Italian). OCLC 229904515.
- Masini, Pier Carlo (1981). Storia degli anarchici italiani nell'epoca degli attentati (in Italian). OCLC 977961370.
- Santarelli, Enzo (1977). Il socialismo anarchico in Italia (in Italian) (2nd ed.). OCLC 152554056.
- Schirone, Franco, ed. (2010). Cronache anarchiche. Il giornale Umanità nova nell'Italia del Novecento (1920-1945) (in Italian). OCLC 682880218.