James Biddle
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James Biddle | |
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Born | February 18, 1783 |
Died | October 1, 1848 (aged 65) |
Alma mater | |
Parent(s) | |
Family | Nicholas Biddle, Thomas Biddle, John Biddle, Richard Biddle |
Signature | |
Branch | United States Navy |
James Biddle (February 18, 1783 – October 1, 1848), of the
Education and early career
Biddle was born in Philadelphia, where he attended the University of Pennsylvania. After graduating, he entered service in the United States Navy as a midshipman in 1800.
Retained in the navy reduction of 1801, Biddle served in the war against the Barbary pirates. The ship he was in, USS Philadelphia, struck rocks off Tripoli, and along with his commodore, William Bainbridge, he was kept imprisoned for 19 months.
During the War of 1812, Biddle was first lieutenant in USS Wasp. He was in command of the sloop USS Hornet in 1815 when she defeated HMS Penguin. In 1817, he was sent to the Columbia River in USS Ontario to formally take over the Oregon Country for the United States, which was completed in 1818.
After the war, Biddle performed various duties in the Gulf of Mexico, the South Atlantic, and the Mediterranean. In 1830, Biddle and US consul David Offly negotiated and concluded a treaty with the Sublime Porte. The treaty was later used by U.S. diplomats to claim extraterritorial privileges for U.S. citizens in the Ottoman Empire.[1]
Biddle and the USS Macedonian
In the early nineteenth century, the prevalence of
Biddle told Thompson the Macedonian had been improperly fitted out in Boston and while there, the frigate's hold was never properly cleaned and that the filth and debris he discovered in the hold had led to the fever. Biddle consequently brought charges against Commodore Isaac Hull then in command at the Boston Naval Yard. Medical testimony during a court of inquiry however supported the conclusion that a drastic change in temperatures, dampness and tropical climate were the proximate cause of the fever, and "Much to Biddle's chagrin the court of inquiry found Hull not guilty."[6]
Expeditions to Asia
In December 1845, Biddle exchanged ratifications of the Treaty of Wanghia[7]
On July 20, 1846, he anchored with the two warships
Seven years later, Commodore
Biddle died in Philadelphia, and is buried at Christ Church Burial Ground in the family plot.
See also
References
- ^ Gordon, Leland J. "Turkish-American Treaty Relations." The American Political Science Review vol. 22, no. 3 (1928): 711-21.
- ^ Langley, Harold D. A History of Medicine in the Early U.S. Navy (Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore 1995), 274 -275
- ^ Sharp, John G.M,.The Disastrous Voyage:Yellow Fever Aboard the USS Macedonian & USS Peacock, 1822 http://www.usgwarchives.net/va/portsmouth/shipyard/yf1822.html Archived October 25, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ NARA M125 volume 79 letter no. 15 "Captains Letters" James Biddle to Smith Thompson 3 August 1822 with enclosures
- ^ NARA M125 volume 79 letter no. 8 "Captains Letters" James Biddle to Smith Thompson 26 July 1822
- ^ Langley,Ibid.
- ^ Sewall, John S. (1905). The Logbook of the Captain's Clerk: Adventures in the China Seas, p. xxxi.
- ^ ISBN 9994648144.
- ^ Sewall, pp. xxxiv-xxxv, xlix, lvi.
- ^ Sewall, pp. 167-95, 243-64.
Further reading
- Long, David F. Long. (1983). Sailor-Diplomat: A Biography of Commodore James Biddle, 1783-1848 Boston: Northeastern University Press. ISBN 978-0-930350-39-0
- Sakamaki Shunzo. Japan and the United States, 1790-1853. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1973.
- Sewall, John S. (1905). The Logbook of the Captain's Clerk: Adventures in the China Seas, Bangor, Maine: Chas H. Glass & Co. [reprint by Chicago: R.R. Donnelly & Sons, 1995] ISBN 0-548-20912-X
External links
Media related to James Biddle at Wikimedia Commons
- Documents relating to Biddle's mission to Oregon
- T. C. Elliott, "An Event of One Hundred Years Ago" in Oregon Historical Quarterly vol. 19 (1918).