James Starley
James Starley | |
---|---|
Inventor | |
Known for | Development of the bicycle |
James Starley (21 April 1830 – 17 June 1881)
Childhood
Starley was born in 1830 at Albourne, West Sussex,[2] the son of Daniel Starley, a farmer. He began working on the farm at nine, showing early talent as an inventor by making a rat trap from an umbrella rip and a branch of a willow tree.[2] He ran away from home as a teenager and went to Lewisham, in south London.[3] There he worked as an under-gardener, in his spare time mending watches[3] and creating devices such as a mechanism to allow a duck to get through a hole in a fence, closing a door behind it if a rat tried to follow.[2]
Adult life
Starley's employer, John Penn, bought a rare and expensive
Starley, then aging, found it difficult to ride a tricycle
Personal life
Starley married Jane Todd when he was in his early 20s. Their son,
Starley's sons continued manufacturing cycles after his death in 1881 but his nephew John Kemp Starley made more of a mark. It was John Kemp Starley and Sutton who devised the recognisably modern Rover safety bicycle with 26-inch wheels (still a standard size), chain drive, and a diamond-shaped frame (no seat-tube as yet) in 1884, showing it in 1885. The penny-farthing or ordinary cycle was not safe, with a "header" accident an ever-present danger. Others had experimented with chain-driven "safety cycles" but the Rover made its mark to the extent that "Rover" (spelled with a W rather than a V) means "bike" in countries such as Poland.
In due course, motor-driven bicycles became motor-cycles and were followed by motor cars. John Kemp Starley experimented with an electric tri-car around 1888 but the petrol-driven Rover 8hp car was sold in 1904, two years after his death.
Coventry University named a 1950s building after Starley;[5] as of December 2019, it was undergoing demolition as part of a redevelopment program.[6] What was originally D Block of Coventry Polytechnic was renamed after Starley by Coventry University. Once it was demolished it was replaced by Starley Garden.
References
- ^ James Starley findagrave.com
- ^ a b c d e The Bicycle, UK, 4 November 1953, p8
- ^ a b c d Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 798.
- ^ James Starley by Horace William Bartleet
- ^ "Buildings". Coventry University.
- ^ Hartley, Laura (24 May 2018). "Transformation of university building isn't here to stay". Coventry Telegraph. Retrieved 20 December 2019.