Japanese newspapers
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Japanese newspapers (新聞 shinbun, or older spelling shimbun), similar to their worldwide counterparts, run the gamut from general news-oriented papers to special-interest
The majority of the newspaper articles are printed vertically.[2] Japanese law prohibits newspaper publishers to be publicly traded.[3]
Brief history
Japanese newspapers began in the 17th century as yomiuri (読売, literally 'to read and sell') or kawaraban (瓦版, literally 'tile-block printing', referring to the use of clay printing blocks), which were printed handbills sold in major cities to commemorate major social gatherings or events.
The first modern newspaper was the Nagasaki Shipping List and Advertiser, which was published bi-weekly by the Englishman A. W. Hansard. The first edition appeared on 22 June 1861. In November of the same year, Hansard moved the paper to Yokohama and renamed it the Japan Herald. In 1862, the Tokugawa shogunate began publishing the Kampan batabiya shinbun, a translated edition of a widely distributed Dutch government newspaper. These two papers were published for foreigners, and contained only foreign news. The first Japanese daily newspaper that covered foreign and domestic news was the Yokohama Mainichi Shinbun (横浜毎日新聞), first published in 1871.
Newspapers at this time can be divided into two types, Ōshinbun (大新聞, 'large newspapers') and koshinbun (小新聞, 'small newspapers'). People commonly referred to Ōshinbun as "political forums" because these papers were inextricably tied to the
Koshinbun, on the other hand, were more plebeian, popular newspapers that contained local news, human-interest stories, and light fiction. Examples of koshinbun were the Tokyo nichinichi shinbun (東京日日新聞), the predecessor of the present day Mainichi shinbun, which began in 1872; the Yomiuri shinbun, which began in 1874; and the Asahi shinbun, which began in 1879. In the 1880s, government pressure led to a gradual weeding out of Ōshinbun, and the koshinbun started becoming more similar to the modern, "impartial" newspapers.
Throughout their history, Japanese newspapers have had a central role in issues of
Reproductions of Japanese newspapers
Listed below is an overview of reproductions of the three major Japanese daily newspapers, the Yomiuri shinbun, the Asahi shinbun, and the Mainichi shinbun.
These historical newspapers are available in three major forms, as
These resources are available at many leading research universities throughout the world (usually universities with reputable Japanese studies programs). One will need to check each individual library's collection for information about the availability of these sources. WorldCat[4] is a good starting point.
Yomiuri shinbun
In 1999, the Yomiuri shinbun released a CD-ROM titled The Yomiuri shinbun in the
Asahi shinbun
The Asahi shinbun has a CD-ROM database consisting of an index of headlines and sub-headlines from the years 1945–1999. A much more expensive full-text searchable database is available only at the Harvard-Yenching Library at Harvard University, which notably includes advertisements in its index. Researchers using other university libraries would probably have to first use the CD-ROM index, and then look into the microfilm or shukusatsuban versions. Microfilm versions are available from 1888; shukusatsuban versions are available from 1931. Issues of the Asahi shinbun printed since August 1984 are available through Lexis-Nexis Academic.
Mainichi shinbun
Microfilm versions of the
Stance and circulation, only morning (2022)
- Yomiuri : conservative, 6,630,000
- center-left, 3,970,000
- Chunichi Shimbun/Tokyo Shinbun : left, 2,260,000
- center-left,[5] social liberal, 1,850,000
- Nikkei (Jp: Nihon Keizai) : economy, conservative, 1,680,000
- Nikkan Gendai : left (tabloid), 1,680,000 (Nominal)
- Nikkan Sports: 1,660,000 (Nominal)
- Tokyo Sports : sports, 1,390,000 (Nominal)
- Houchi Shinbun : sports, 1,350,000
- Sankei Sports: 1,230,000
- Yukan Fuji : right (tabloid), 1,050,000
- Sankei : right, conservative, 990,000
- Shimbun Akahata : Japanese Communist Party media, 900,000
- Hokkaido Shinbun : left, 840,000
- Daily Sports: 640,000
- Shizuoka Shinbun : left, 532,000
- Chugoku Shinbun: left, 510, 000
See also
Notes
- ISBN 978-1-349-60328-2. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
- ^ "Should Japanese Writing be Horizontal or Vertical?".
- ^ Dubovoj, Sina. "Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc". International Directory of Company Histories. Gale. Retrieved 14 August 2022 – via Encyclopedia.com.
- ^ "FirstSearch Login Screen". firstsearch.oclc.org. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
- ^ "Japan's media accuse Carlos Ghosn of 'cowardly act' after flight to Lebanon". The Guardian. 1 January 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
The centre-left Mainichi Shimbun quoted a senior prosecutor as saying: "This is what we predicted. This has ruined the prosecutors' painstaking work."
Further reading
- De Lange, William (2023). A History of Japanese Journalism: State of Affairs and Affairs of State. Toyo Press. ISBN 978-94-92722-393.
Bibliography
- "Japanese-language periodicals". Columbia University. Retrieved 9 March 2020. Bibliography]
- Newspapers. Tokyo and New York: Kodansha. 1983.
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ignored (help) - "Japan Newspapers and News Media Guide". ABYZ News Links. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
- "Japan Newspapers". onlinenewspapers.com. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
- "Japan news aggregator". NihongoUp. Retrieved 9 March 2020.