Jayakatwang
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| Jayakatwang | |||||
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| King of Kediri | |||||
| Reign | 1292 – 1293 | ||||
| Born | East Java | ||||
| Died | c. 1293 Hujung Galuh, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia | ||||
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Isyana dynasty | |||||
| Religion | Hindu Buddhist | ||||
Jayakatwang (died 1293) was the king of short-lived second
Background
Since 1271, Jayakatwang was viceroy (or governor) of Kediri,[1] a vassal state of Singhasari.[2]: 199 [3] Kediri was formerly the dominant kingdom in Java until overthrown in 1222 by Ken Arok, the first king of Singhasari. Jayakatwang was probably a descendant of the Kediri royal line,[4] and thus held ambition to restore his line to power and rulership of Java.
His name is derived from Sanskrit Jaya (victory) and Javanese ketawang, (rising, or appearing).
Kediri is located in a fertile rice-producing area on Brantas River banks, approximately 80 km west of Singhasari, but separated from it by the Arjuno-Welirang volcanoes and Mount Kawi.
Rebellion against Singhasari
With the bulk of the Javanese army overseas, Jayakatwang seized his chance and launched a coup against Singhasari.[5] He launched a diversionary attack to the northern Java, where his troops drew the remaining Singhasari troops left on the island. With Singhasari defenseless he attacked the capital city.[6]
Kertanegara was killed in his palace. Jayakatwang then declared himself ruler of Java and king of the restored Kediri.[2]: 199
Among the few surviving relatives of Kertanegara was Raden Wijaya, who fled to
Mongol invasion
The Mongol expedition of the
The expedition consisted of an army of 20,000 with 1,000 ships and a year's worth of grain. The expedition consisted mostly of southern Chinese conscripts.[5] Arriving at the port of Tuban, they began preparing their fleet to enter the rivers of Java.
With Wijaya as a guide, Mongol troops declared war against Jayakatwang. Wijaya and his Mongol allies defeated Jayakatwang's navy in Surabaya at the delta of the Brantas River. Following the victory they marched along the Brantas to the Kediri Kingdom in Java's interior.[6] After heavy fighting, they besieged and conquered Kediri. Jayakatwang was captured and then executed in March 1293.[1][2]: 201
Legacy
Jayakatwang's restoration of Kediri was short-lived, but the events of his reign would play an important part in the history of Java and Indonesia, especially in the rise of Majapahit under Raden Wijaya.
Under the guise of returning to his domain in Majapahit to prepare his tribute for the Mongols, Raden Wijaya would go on to betray his Mongol allies who were exhausted after the war with Jayakatwang.[5][7] He then drove them out of Java and established Majapahit, one of the greatest thalassocratic empires to arise in Southeast Asia.
References
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-06196-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-306-46158-3.
- ISBN 978-979-407-408-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-520-06740-0.
Jayakatwang.
- ^ ISBN 978-971-23-3987-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-981-230-837-5.
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