Johannes Bugenhagen

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Johannes Bugenhagen
University of Wittenberg)[3]
Martha[2]
Sara[2]
ParentGerhard Bugenhagen[1]
Theological work
EraReformation
Tradition or movementLutheranism
Signature
Statue of Johannes Bugenhagen, Kirchplatz, Wittenberg

Johannes Bugenhagen (24 June 1485 – 20 April 1558), also called Doctor Pomeranus by

Protestant Reformation in the Duchy of Pomerania and Denmark in the 16th century. Among his major accomplishments was organization of Lutheran churches in Northern Germany and Scandinavia
. He has also been called the "Second Apostle of the North".

Johannes Bugenhagen was pastor to Martin Luther at

Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
as a pastor on 20 April.

Biography

Early life

Bugenhagen was born in

Kanonikerkolleg of that church thereafter.[1]

In 1517, abbot

Bogislav X of Pomerania ordered Bugenhagen to write down the history of Pomerania in Latin
. The year 1518 is the beginning of historical writing of the combined territory Pomerania.

Bugenhagen first encountered the

Prelude on the Babylonian Captivity of the Church[4] in 1520. At first he did not like Luther's thoughts at all. However, once he had studied it more, Bugenhagen became a supporter of the Reformation and moved to Wittenberg in 1521.[4]

Wittenberg

Lucas Cranach the elder 1532. Some assert that it depicts Christoph Ering (de
), another Lutheran reformer.

In Wittenberg, Bugenhagen was elected parish pastor on 25 October 1523,

reforms.[6]

By 1523, his private lectures had become well known, so he was called to lecture the following years at the Leucorea, the university in Wittenberg

Protestant Reformation, ordaining a generation of Lutheran pastors who were educated at this university.[6]

Die Predigt rechter Altarflügel der Vorderseite des Altars der Wittenberger Stadtkirche by Lucas Cranach the Elder. Note the keys of the kingdom in Bugenhagen's hands

On 17 March 1533,

Philipp Melanchthon's theses, financed and attended by Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, and formally granted by deacon Justus Jonas. With the ceremony in Wittenberg's castle church (Schloßkirche),[11] Aepinus, Bugenhagen and Cruciger became the first three Protestant doctors of theology.[12]

While theological doctoral promotions had been suspended in Wittenberg for the preceding eight years,[13] the promotion of Aepinus had become necessary as the Hamburg burghers demanded their new superintendent to bear the title of a doctor.[12][nb 1] Melanchthon had written the speech for Jonas which laid the foundation of a Protestant doctorate, and Frederick III "the Wise" sponsored a subsequent celebration to introduce the new Protestant doctorate to the theological world.[11]

Reformatory work

After he had outlined his reform ideas in a letter to the

Denmark-Norway (1537),[15] where he also crowned Christian III.[16]

This earned him later the

superintendent of the Lutheran Church in Saxony
.

Also in 1539, Bugenhagen reformed the Pomeranian University of Greifswald, which he "re-founded" as a Protestant university, modelled after the university of Wittenberg.[18]

Late life

The grave of Johannes Bugenhagen in St. Mary's Church, Wittenberg

After the death of Luther in 1546, Bugenhagen took care of Luther's

widow and children. Bugenhagen died in Wittenberg in 1558 and was buried at St. Mary's Church (Stadtkirche Wittenberg). The church also contains a memorial painting to Bugenhagen by Lucas Cranach the Younger depicting the baptism of Jesus Christ in the River Jordan by John the Baptist
(with the whole Bugenhagen family watching).

Other than for his theological opinions, Bugenhagen was also well known because of his organising ability. Bugenhagen was also appreciated for his work in making a Middle Low German translation of Luther's Bible in 1534.

Johannes Bugenhagen was always a pastor at heart, and because of his love for music, his family coat of arms shows a harp.

Family

His daughter Sara (died 1563) married Georg Cracow.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In a letter to Bugenhagen, the Hamburg burghers demanded that their new superintendent Aepinus must "eyne Qualificerde parsonne nemptlick doctor theology syn" ("be a qualified person, that is a doctor of theology"). Selderhuis & Wriedt (2006), p. 58

Sources

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Kopitzsch & Brietzke (2001), p. 79
  2. ^ a b c d Steinwachs & Pietsch (2000), p. 27
  3. ^ Nieden (2006), p. 105
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-3-7965-1000-7
    .
  5. ^ Nieden (2006), pp. 46, 51
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Kaufmann (1998), p. 58
  7. ^ Nieden (2006), pp. 46–47
  8. ^ a b c d Hieronymus, Frank (1997),p.356
  9. ^ Hieronymus, Frank (1997),pp.356–357
  10. ^ Hieronymus, Frank (1997),p.360
  11. ^ a b c d Nieden (2006), p. 62
  12. ^ a b c Selderhuis & Wriedt (2006), p. 58
  13. ^ Nieden (2006), p. 61
  14. ^ a b Selderhuis & Wriedt (2006), p. 55
  15. ^ a b Lorentzen (2008), p. 39
  16. ^ Lockhart (2007), p. 64
  17. ^ Zietz (1834); Schneider (2008), p. 4.
  18. ^ Selderhuis & Wriedt (2006), p. 60

Bibliography

Further reading

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Bugenhagen, Johann".

External links

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