Joseon missions to China
The Korean Joseon dynasty (1392–1897) sent numerous diplomatic missions to the Chinese Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1912) dynasties.
Joseon diplomacy
A series diplomatic ventures illustrate the persistence of Joseon's sadae (serving the great) diplomacy in dealings with China. The chronology of one side in a bilateral relationship stands on its own.
This long-term, strategic policy contrasts with the
Envoys to the Ming court
Although the
Despite the label "tributary state", China did not interfere in Joseon domestic affairs and diplomacy.[4] Between 1392 and 1450, the Joseon court sent 351 missions to China.[5]
Year | Sender | Joseon chief envoy | Emperor of China | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
1592 | Seonjo | Yi Deok-hyeong[6] | Wanli | Joseon mission dispatched to Ming China to ask for military support[6] |
1597 | Seonjo | Yi Su-gwang[7] | Wanli | Yi's encounters with Matteo Ricci provide impetus for the creation of the first Korean language encyclopedia |
- 1592 – Confronting Japanese invasion, Joseon sought aid from China.[6]
- 1597 – Yi Su-gwang was the Joseon chief envoy from the Joseon court.[7]
Envoys to the Qing court
In this period, Joseon merchants of
Year | Sender | Joseon chief envoy | Emperor of China | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
1795 | Jeongjo | – | Qianlong[9] | Offering congratulations; celebrations of the 60th anniversary of Qianlong's reign.[10] |
1872 | Gojong
|
Park Gyu-su[10]
|
Tongzhi | . |
- 1795 – The first and only American to be received in the court of the Qianlong Emperor took special note of the reception of Joseon ambassadors, who were received immediately preceding the Dutch embassy in which Andreas Everardus van Braam Houckgeest had a role.[9]
- 1872 – Park Gyu-su was the Joseon chief envoy to the court of the Tongzhi Emperor, offering congratulations.[10]
Korean Empire
In 1897, the Chinese and Korean Empire agreed that the latter would established a permanent embassy in Beijing. The Korean legation was short-lived and only existed from 1903 to 1905, when it was terminated by effect of the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905.[11]
See also
- Goryeo missions to Imperial China
- Goryeo missions to Japan
- Joseon diplomacy
- Joseon missions to Japan
- Joseon tongsinsa
Notes
- ^ Chun-gil Kim The History of Korea, pp. 76-77. 7
- ^ (in Korean) 사대교린 (조선 외교), Britannica online Korea
- ^ Toby, Ronald P. (1991). State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu, p. 87.
- ^ a b Kang, Etsuko H. (1997). Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese-Korean Relations: from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century, p. 49.
- ^ Twitchett, Denis C. (1998). The Cambridge history of China, Vol. 8, The Ming dynasty, 1368-1644: Part 2, pp. 286-289.
- ^ a b c Jinju National Museum: Chronology, June 1592[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch (RASKB): Yi Sugwang in Beijing (1597).[permanent dead link] May 2009.
- ^ Cheongwadae, Office of the President, Republic of Korea: About Korea>History>Goryeo & Joseon Dynasties>Late Joseon Period
- ^ a b vanBraam Houckgeest, André Everard. (1798). An Authentic Account of the Embassy of the Dutch East-India Company, to the Court of the Emperor of China, in the Years 1974 and 1795, p. 272.
- ^ a b c Kang, Jae-eun, and Suzanne Lee. (2006). The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism, p. 445
- ^ Sungwook Son (2016), "Qing-Joseon Relations as Viewed from Joseon's Legation in the Qing Dynasty -from 'Hoidonggwan(會同館)' to Korean Legation in Beijing", 동국사학
References
- Daehwan, Noh. "The Eclectic Development of Neo-Confucianism and Statecraft from the 18th to the 19th Century," Korea Journal (Winter 2003).
- Kang, Etsuko Hae-jin. (1997). Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese-Korean Relations: from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Basingstoke, Hampshire; Macmillan. OCLC 243874305
- Kang, Jae-eun and Suzanne Lee. (2006). The Land of Scholars : Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism. Paramus, New Jersey: Homa & Sekey Books.
- Kim, Chun-gil. (2005). The history of Korea. Westport, Connecticut: OCLC 217866287
- Toby, Ronald P. (1991). State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu. Stanford: ISBN 978-0-8047-1951-3
- vanBraam Houckgeest, André Everard. (1798). An authentic account of the embassy of the Dutch East-India company, to the court of the emperor of China, in the years 1794 and 1795, Vol. I. London : R. Phillips.