Joseph I (Chaldean Patriarch)
Mar Yousip I | |
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Amid, Turkey |
Mar Yousip I (Joseph I, † 1707) was the first incumbent of the Josephite line of Church of the East, thus being considered the Patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church from 1681 to 1696.
Background situation
By 1660, the Church of the East had become divided into two patriarchates:
- the largest and oldest (it is known also as Eliya line). Since the 15th century its Patriarchs were appointed through an hereditary system.
- the second patriarchal see was located in Qochanis) and extended into the North East mountains (it is also known as the Shimun line). This patriarchal line began in 1553 when Mar Yohannan Sulaqa was consecrated bishop by the Pope in 1553, but soon it lost the connections with Rome. The last patriarch of this line recognized by the Holy See was Shimun IX Dinkha (died 1600) and later there were only few correspondences through missionaries. This See reintroduced in 1600 the heredity system for patriarchs' succession, a use unacceptable for Rome. This patriarchal line still survives in the denomination today known as Assyrian Church of the East.
Life
Although the town of
Yousip (Joseph) was born in Amid and educated by the priest 'Abd Al-Ahad.[1]: 58 He was consecrated metropolitan bishop of Amid between 1669 and 1672, and shortly after in 1672 became Catholic.[1]: 51 The reaction of Alqosh's patriarch Eliya X (XI) Yukhannan Maraugin was very strong: he came personally to Amid, installed a traditionalist bishop named David and had Joseph to be twice imprisoned. Joseph was released only after payment of a ransom[2]: 144 and had to leave for Rome. When Joseph returned in 1677, the bishop David fled to Egypt and the Ottoman authorities recognized Joseph's independence and his government over the dioceses of Amid and Mardin.
On June 23, 1681,
Falling ill, in August 1694 Joseph I left Amid for Rome, and formally resigned in 1696. He died in Rome on Nov. 10, 1707.[4]
The life of Mar Yousip I is mainly known by his biography written in the early 18th century by 'Adb Al-Ahad son of Garabet (bishop of Amid, died 1728) and later translated into French in 1898 by J.P. Chabot.[5]
Notes
- ^ ISBN 978-90-429-0876-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-02700-7.
- ^ "Patriarchal See of Babylon". www.gcatholic.org. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
- ^ Heleen H.L. Murre. "The Patriarchs of the Church of the East from the Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries". Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies. Archived from the original on 2008-12-22. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
- ^ J.P., Chabot (1896). "Les origines du patriarcat Chaldeén: vie de Mar Youssef Ier, premier patriarche des chaldeéns". Revue de l'Orient Chrétien (1): 66–90.
Sources
- Frazee, Charles A. (2006) [1983]. Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453-1923. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521027007.
- Wilmshurst, David (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913. Louvain: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 9789042908765.
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