Joseph Smith–History
Joseph Smith–History | |
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Type | Personal account |
Date | 1838 |
Place of origin | Far West, Missouri |
Language(s) | English |
Scribe(s) | James Mulholland, Robert B. Thompson, W. W. Phelps, Willard Richards |
Author(s) | Joseph Smith Jr. |
Compiled by | Franklin D. Richards |
Contained in the Pearl of Great Price Part of the scriptural canon of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |
Joseph Smith–History (abbreviated JS–H) is a book in the Pearl of Great Price containing excerpts from an autobiographical record of some of the early events in the life of Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Like many of Smith's publications, it was dictated to scribes.
The recording of Joseph Smith–History began in 1838 in
History
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Pearl of Great Price |
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When the Church of Christ was organized on April 6, 1830, Joseph Smith received a revelation from God (now known as Doctrine and Covenants 21:1), commanding the Latter Day Saints to record their history. Smith attempted to record a history seven times before work on what is now Joseph Smith–History began; each of these attempts was unsuccessful, being either left incomplete or deemed unsatisfactory by Smith. He told W. W. Phelps, "There are but few subjects that I have felt a greater anxiety about than my history".[1] The account found in Joseph Smith–History is the product of the 1838 attempt undertaken by Smith and other early Latter Day Saint leaders to record the history of the church.[2] Smith's motivation for creating this history was twofold: to adhere to God's direction to record his experiences, and to respond to critics of his story.[1] The paranoia that led up to the 1838 Mormon War may have had an effect on the opening passage of Joseph Smith–History, when Smith states: "Owing to the many reports which have been put in circulation ... I have been induced to write this history, to disabuse the public mind."[1]: 21
Work on the history began in Far West, Missouri[3] on September 3, 1838.[4] Because he had never received formal education, Smith mostly dictated his history verbally to scribes instead of writing it himself. The passages the scribes recorded were later rewritten in the first person, so as to be from Smith's point of view.[1] The first scribe to work on the history was James Mulholland. Smith drew on material from his incomplete history (begun in 1838) while dictating to Mulholland. After scribing 59 pages, Mulholland abruptly died on November 3, 1839, halting the project for a time until Robert B. Thompson picked it up again.[4] However, Thompson was only able to scribe 16 pages[2] due to his untimely death on August 27, 1841. William W. Phelps then became Smith's scribe.[4] Progress on the record was slow due to the task of building up the city of Nauvoo.[1]
It wasn't until December 1842, when Willard Richards—Smith's personal secretary and editor of the Times and Seasons[1]—became scribe that a substantial amount of the history was recorded.[4] In 1844, Richards wrote: "It is now seven years since I have laid my head one night in my own house during that time I have been in England, near four years and the remainder of the time have spent in writing the History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, which, of course will afford no income until it is completed and printed which cannot possibly be done for one or two years. It is a great work and all important to the Church and the world."[4]: 466 The history was one of Smith's main priorities in Nauvoo.[3] Richards and Phelps remembered that he once asked the schoolmaster of a nearby class to change locations because noise from the students was distracting those tasked with compiling the record.[4] Smith instructed them to be thorough, pulling information from sources such as newspapers and the records of city council meetings and other organization proceedings.[1]
While in
Early publication
The history was published serially in the newspaper Times and Seasons from March 15, 1842 until February 15, 1846.[6][2] It was first featured in volume 3, issue 10 of the paper.[6] The portion scribed by Mulholland was what was featured in the Times and Seasons.[1] This selection was later printed into a pamphlet, called "Joseph Smith's Own Story,"[2] to be used for proselyting purposes.[1] It was also published in the Millennial Star, the Latter Day Saint publication in England. After the Mormon pioneers arrived in Utah Territory, the record was printed in the Deseret News beginning on November 15, 1851.[6]
Extraction and canonization
Franklin D. Richards, Willard Richards's nephew[1] and a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles,[7] extracted excerpts from the History of the Church and published them in 1851, hoping that the selection would "increase the members' ability to defend the faith."[2]: 762 In the years leading up to the canonization of Joseph Smith–History, Brigham Young and other leaders of the church had expressed growing concern over members' lack of understanding of church history, particularly among the younger generations.[1] Richards focused on extracting the main events of the text, excluding revelations given to Smith in God's words. He emphasized that this passage's intended audience was existing members of the church, not newcomers to the faith. Church leader Orson Pratt recognized the value of Smith's history and played a pivotal role in its becoming important in the eyes of church members. He also recognized its potential as a proselyting tool; the mid to late 1800s saw a boom in the usage of Smith's account by missionaries. When Franklin Richards compiled the Pearl of Great Price, he chose to include the passage he had extracted from the History of the Church. The excerpts had been pulled from the earliest section of the history: the 59 pages scribed by James Mulholland.[1]
Joseph Smith–History subsequently became part of the official standard works of the LDS Church on October 10, 1880, when the Pearl of Great Price was canonized during the 50th semiannual general conference.[8] The motion was brought forth by George Q. Cannon and Joseph F. Smith.[6] John Taylor was appointed president of the church at that same general conference. After the proceedings, the manuscript was sent to James E. Talmage, then a professor at the University of Utah, for some minor editing: mainly, adding footnotes and organizing the passages into chapters and verses. Talmage's edited version was accepted in 1902 and published as the first edition of the Pearl of Great Price. Joseph Smith–History remained relatively untouched throughout the canonization process. It spans 12 pages in the Pearl of Great Price.[1]
Content
The events recounted in Joseph Smith–History begin with a succinct record of Joseph Smith's genealogy and birth.
"...I saw a pillar of light exactly over my head, above the brightness of the sun, which descended gradually until it fell upon me. It no sooner appeared than I found myself delivered from the enemy which held me bound. When the light rested upon me I saw two Personages, whose brightness and glory defy all description, standing above me in the air. One of them spake unto me, calling me by name and said, pointing to the other—'This is My Beloved Son. Hear Him!'" — Joseph Smith—History, verses 16-17[13]
These verses in Joseph Smith–History are the only official, canonized version of the First Vision.[12] According to the account, God and Christ instructed Smith not to join any of the churches.[9] Following the First Vision, Smith describes the prejudice and persecution he faced from religious leaders and others in his community.[14]: 90 He then tells about the visitation of the angel Moroni and the coming forth of the Book of Mormon.[2]
The remainder of the account includes details about Joseph Smith's marriage to his wife, Emma Hale, his experience receiving the ancient Book of Mormon record and beginning translation, and Professor Charles Anthon authenticating the characters found on the golden plates.[6] It also includes his interactions with two major participants in the translation process, Martin Harris and Oliver Cowdery.[14]: 102–109 The passage concludes with the restoration of the Aaronic priesthood by John the Baptist to Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery in verses 68 and 69.[1] The timeline of the events described in Joseph Smith–History ends in May 1829.[2]
While the body of the text is written from Joseph Smith's perspective, the current edition of Joseph Smith—History includes a footnote with a description from Joseph's scribe, Oliver Cowdery, taken from Messenger and Advocate. Here, Cowdery records some of his thoughts about being involved in the translation process of the Book of Mormon.[15]
Religious significance
Since its canonization, Joseph Smith–History has become "a foundational piece of literature for the [LDS] Church." It inspired a tradition of record keeping in
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Bennett, Russ Kay (June 9, 2012). Joseph Smith–History: From Dictation to Canon (M.A. thesis). Brigham Young University.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Stevenson, Joseph Grant (1992). Encyclopedia of Mormonism. New York: Macmillan Publishers. pp. 762–63.
- ^ Deseret Book – via Brigham Young University.
- ^ BYU Studies Quarterly. 11 (4). Brigham Young University: 439–73.
- Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith. Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church. 2007. p. 563. Retrieved April 2, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f Hunter, Milton R. (1951). Pearl of Great Price Commentary. Salt Lake City, UT: Bookcraft. pp. 225–47.
- ^ "Joseph Smith–History Student Manual". www.churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ^ "Deseret News | 1880-10-13 | Fiftieth Semi - Annual Conference". newspapers.lib.utah.edu. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ^ Religious Educator. 14 (2). Brigham Young University: 96–105.
- ^ Reynolds, Rebecca L. (1987) "Joseph Smith History 1:1-20," Deseret Language and Linguistic Society Symposium: Vol. 13 : Iss. 1 , Article 19.
- ^ "Line upon Line: James 1:5–6". New Era. 2009. p. 31. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
- ^ a b Pugmire, Genelle (March 29, 2020). "Joseph Smith's journey: One vision, four accounts". Daily Herald. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
- ^ "Joseph Smith—History 1". www.churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
- ^ Deseret News Company. pp. 83–110.
- ^ "Joseph Smith–History 1". Pearl of Great Price. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 2013. pp. 47–59.
References
- Church Educational System (2000). Pearl of Great Price Student Manual: Religion 327 (Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) "Joseph Smith–History".
External links
- Joseph Smith–History - complete text used by the LDS Church; includes footnotes added by church in 1981
- Joseph Smith–History at Wikisource - text only; no footnotes
- Manuscript History of the Church, volume A-1 from which Joseph Smith–History was excerpted.
- Pearl of Great Price Joseph Smith History and Articles of Faith, date of production not identified, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University