Josip Manolić

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Josip Manolić
Vice-President of the Presidency of the Republic of Croatia)
President of the Croatian Independent Democrats
In office
30 April 1994 – 26 October 2002
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byZlatko Canjuga
Personal details
Born(1920-03-22)22 March 1920
Kalinovac, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
(now Croatia)
Died15 April 2024(2024-04-15) (aged 104)
Zagreb, Croatia
Other political
affiliations
Spouses
  • Marija Eker
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1945; died 2003)​
  • Mirjana Ribarić
    ​
    ​
    (m. 2016; died 2020)​
Children3
Alma materUniversity of Zagreb Faculty of Law
Military service
AllegianceYugoslavia
Branch/serviceYugoslav Partisans (1941–1945)
OZNA (1944–1965)
UnitOZNA 2
CommandsOZNA 2 in Bjelovar
Department for Execution of Criminal Sentences
Battles/warsWorld War II in Yugoslavia

Josip "Joža" Manolić (pronounced

Yugoslavia, as the country formally declared its independence during his term, on 25 June 1991. Following his brief term as prime minister, Manolić served as the first Speaker of the Chamber of Counties, the then upper house of the Croatian Parliament
, from 1993 until 1994.

Youth and World War II

Manolić was born on 22 March 1920[3][4] in Kalinovac near Đurđevac to a well-to-do working-class family as the youngest of four children. When he was eight, his family moved to Orlovac near Nova Rača. He graduated from the secondary Craft School in Bjelovar, where he studied to be a shoemaker.[5]

When he was 18, he joined the

League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia (SKOJ). He was vice president of the Association of Workers' Unions (URS) for the tanning industry. He was accepted into the Communist Party of Croatia when he was 19. In 1940 he was appointed Secretary of the Municipal Committee of SKOJ for Nova Gradiška and was named a member of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party.[6]

After the outbreak of the

Slavonska Požega. Two of the party members were sentenced to death, but were later pardoned and their sentences were reduced to two and three years in prison, respectively. The rest were released.[6]

After his release, Manolić went to

Andrija Hebrang in 1944, the whole leadership of SKOJ was dismissed as well, including Manolić, who was Organisational Secretary. After his dismissal, the Party sent him to Bjelovar.[6]

In March 1944, Manolić became Member of the Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of Croatia for Bjelovar, and was later named Organisational Secretary. In October 1944, he was named Director of OZNA 2 in Bjelovar, the communist police founded in May 1944. OZNA 2's jurisdiction were internal affairs, while OZNA 1's jurisdiction was external security and OZNA 3 served within the military.[6]

Under pressure from the

Križevci, Đurđevac, Vrbovec, Čazma and Ivanić-Grad.[6]

Communist era

After the war, in spring of 1946, Manolić was dismissed as Chief of OZNA 2 for Bjelovar, and in autumn of the same year, he was sent to be educated at the Military-Political School in Belgrade. The school was organised according to the Soviet model, and was part of the educational system of the Yugoslav People's Army.[7]

At the end of 1947, Manolić returned to

State Security Administration of PR Croatia. On 1 August 1948, Manolić was named the Chief of Department for Execution of Criminal Sentences of the Secretariat of Internal Affairs in Zagreb.[7] During that time, he participated in imprisonment of Archbishop of Zagreb Aloysius Stepinac.[8] In 1948 he became a chief for prisons for political prisoners and remained in this office until 1963.[6]

In 1960, Manolić gained a law degree from the

Parliament of the Socialist Republic of Croatia.[8] As a Member of Parliament, Manolić was Member of the Constitutional Commission, President of the Legislative-Legal Commission and President of the Organisational-Political Committee. He was reelected as an MP in 1965. In the aftermath of the Croatian Spring in 1972, Manolić was relieved of all duties and sent into retirement.[6]

Democratic changes and War in Croatia

Manolić was one of the founders of the

SFR Yugoslavia and declared it an independent country. Manolić was succeeded by Franjo Gregurić in July 1991.[6]

When Manolić left the office on 17 July 1991 Croatian forces — police and nascent military — were involved in full-scale war with Krajina rebels, who were backed by the Yugoslav federal army.[citation needed] He took another, even more important post as the head of Constitutional Order Protection Office (Ured za zaštitu ustavnog poretka),[6] a body that would coordinate and supervise all Croatian security services. There he built Tuđman's security apparatus, relying mostly on the old cadre from UDBA and other sections of the Communist-era security apparatus.[10] Despite the nature of his work, he remained very much in the public spotlight.[citation needed] In his interviews and statements he gradually gained a reputation of being a moderate. His enormous power, moderate views and Partisan past made him very unpopular among the rank and file of the HDZ party and brought him into conflict with Gojko Šušak, the powerful Minister of Defence, who led a hard-line nationalist faction.[citation needed]

In 1993 he was a member of the Presidential Defence and National Security Council. From March 1993 to April 1994 he was the President of the Upper Chamber of Parliament and a member of the Security Council.[11]

In 1993 Manolić was replaced from his post and elected as

Sabor and thus deprive Franjo Tuđman of parliamentary majority. They failed and later, together with other HDZ dissidents, created a new party called Croatian Independent Democrats (HND), of which Manolić was the president in 1995.[6]

Manolić's attempt to take power on national level failed, but his supporters in the

Zagreb Crisis. Those elections coincided with the 1995 parliamentary elections, during which HND fared badly, failing to enter Sabor. Thereafter, Manolić was retired from active politics.[6] His autobiography, Politika i domovina – Moja borba za suverenu i socijalnu Hrvatsku (Politics and homeland - My fight for a sovereign and social Croatia), was published in 2015.[12]

Personal life and death

In 1945, Manolić married his first wife, Marija Eker (1921 – 15 April 2003), who died in a house fire, aged 82.[13] On 30 April 2016, aged 96, Manolić married his second wife, Mirjana Ribarić (5 March 1956 –⁠ 18 August 2020),[14] 35 years his junior, however she later died of lung cancer, aged 64.[15] He had three children.[16]

Manolić's advanced age earned him notability both on social media and in the press. Namely, he was found to be one of the oldest holders of a valid driver's license in Croatia

sequencing of his genome.[18]

Manolić turned 100 on 22 March 2020.[19]

In April 2021, Manolić contracted COVID-19. Despite initially showing signs of mild pneumonia, he was not hospitalized and he ultimately made a recovery within a little over two weeks.[20][21]

Manolić died on 15 April 2024, aged 104.[22][23]

Honours and decorations

Award or decoration
Grand Order of Queen Jelena[24]

See also

References

  1. Croatian Academic and Research Network. Archived from the original
    on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
  2. ^ "Druga vlada" (in Croatian). Croatian Information-Documentation Referral Agency. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  3. ^ "Prebolio koronu, nadživio dvije supruge: Joža Manolić danas slavi 102. rođendan". www.index.hr (in Croatian). 22 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  4. ^ Lukić, Slavica (19 March 2020). "JOSIP MANOLIĆ ODGODIO PROSLAVU 100. ROĐENDANA "Supruga odlazi na tržnicu i u dućan, a ja pijem lipov čaj i telefoniram s ljudima"". www.jutarnji.hr (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  5. ISBN 978-953-212-454-5
    .
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Josip Manolić". vecernji.hr (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  7. ^ a b "MANOLIĆEVI MEMOARI 'Zbog Tita sam zakasnio na vlastito vjenčanje, morao sam pronaći novog kuma prije same ceremonije' - Jutarnji List". www.jutarnji.hr (in Croatian). 6 July 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  8. ^
    ISBN 978-953-57313-2-0
    .
  9. JSTOR 26956739
    .
  10. JSTOR 48602806
    .
  11. ^ "International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. Judgement: Volume 5 of 6" (PDF). United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 29 May 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  12. ^ "INTERVJU: JOSIP MANOLIĆ: 'Gregurić je odgovoran za privatizacijsku pljačku'". NACIONAL.HR (in Croatian). 8 July 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  13. ^ "U požaru poginula supruga Josipa Manolića". www.index.hr (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  14. ^ "Shrvani Manolić primio vijest o smrti svoje supruge: Jedino me tješi da se više neće mučiti, strašno je gledati kako se netko bori za dah" (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  15. ^ "Listu za izbor zastupnika u Hrvatski sabor". Državno izborno povjerenstvo Republike Hrvatske (in Croatian). 5 November 2003. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  16. ^ "Manolić slavi 102. rođendan: Preživio koronu, nadživio dvije supruge i još prkosi vremenu". Večernji list (in Croatian). 22 March 2022. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  17. ^ "SRETAN VAM 99. ROĐENDAN BARBA TONI: Anton Gregorić iz Rapca najstariji je influencer i vozač u Hrvatskoj". Glas Istre HR (in Croatian). 11 March 2019. Archived from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  18. ^ "ČOVJEK KOJI ĆE U OŽUJKU PROSLAVITI 99. ROĐENDAN Hrvatski profesor uz pomoć korejske biotehnološke tvrtke otkrio tajnu dugovječnosti Josipa Manolića! - Jutarnji List". www.jutarnji.hr (in Croatian). 18 November 2018. Archived from the original on 7 November 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  19. ^ "Josip Manolić napunio 100 godina, umjesto slavlja, kuću mu zatresao potres: "Bilo je doista strašno no nisam se uplašio"". Dalmacija Danas (in Croatian). 22 March 2020. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  20. ^ "Jutarnji list - Josip Manolić u 102. Godini pobijedio koronu! Stanje mu je neko vrijeme bilo ozbiljno, ali nije bio u bolnici" (in Croatian). 12 May 2021. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  21. ^ Ke, S. (12 May 2021). "Ne može mu nitko ništa: Joža Manolić prebolio je koronavirus". Dnevnik.hr (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  22. ^ "Umro je Joža Manolić". index.hr. Archived from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  23. ^ "Preminuo je Josip Manolić!". nacional.hr. 15 April 2024. Archived from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  24. ^ "Odluka o odlikovanju Veleredom kraljice Jelene s lentom i Danicom za izniman doprinos neovisnosti i cjelovitosti Republike Hrvatske, izgradnji i napretku Republike Hrvatske, te za izniman doprinos razvi". narodne-novine.nn.hr. Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josip_Manolić&oldid=1226481567"