Lactarius fuliginosus

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Lactarius fuliginosus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Russulales
Family: Russulaceae
Genus: Lactarius
Species:
L. fuliginosus
Binomial name
Lactarius fuliginosus
(Krapf) Fr. (1838)
Synonyms[1]
  • Agaricus fuliginosus Krapf (1782)
  • Galorrheus fuliginosus (Krapf)
    P.Kumm.
    (1871)
  • Lactifluus fuliginosus (Fr.) Kuntze (1891)

Lactarius fuliginosus, commonly known as the sooty milkcap, is a species of

deciduous forests
of Asia, Europe, and North America.

Taxonomy

The species was first described by Austrian botanist

L. picinius.[5] L. fuliginosus form speciosus, described by Jakob Emanuel Lange in 1928,[6] has been elevated to a distinct species as L. romagnesii, while his form albipes is now L. azonites.[7] Fries's 1838 form major is now L. lignyotus.[8]

Lactarius fuliginosus is

sibling species, and cannot be reliably distinguished using morphology alone. Dirk Stubbe suggests that the geneti of L. fuliginosus from L. picinus was a fairly recent event that involved a host switch from deciduous to coniferous trees.[10]

The specific epithet fuliginosus derives from the Latin word for "sooty".[11] It is commonly known as the "sooty milkcap".[12]

Description

Mature gills are creamy ochre coloured; the stipe base is lighter coloured at the base and immediately under the gills.

The

fawn, sometimes with darker spots and a lighter margin. The crowded gills have an adnate to slightly decurrent attachment to the stipe. They have an olive-buff to pinkish-buff colour, and stain pinkish. The cylindric stipe measures 4–8.5 cm (1.6–3.3 in) long by 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) thick and tapers to the base. Its surface texture is similar to the cap, but is coloured paler, and is whitish near the top. The flesh is whitish, but stains pinkish where injured; it is thick and firm in the cap and stipe. It has no significant odor and a mild to slightly acrid taste. The mushroom's sparse latex is white but dries pinkish, imparting that colour when it stains the gills and flesh.[13] Lactarius fuliginosus is not edible,[14] and may be somewhat poisonous.[15]

The

cap cuticle is in the form of a trichoepithelium measuring 50–100 µm thick comprising cylindric terminal hyphae measuring 20–45 by 5–8 µm.[13]

Similar species

Lactarius azonites is similar in appearance to L. fuliginosus but can be distinguished by its cap shape with an irregularly scalloped margin, the irregular and often anastomosing gills, the pale to almost whitish stipe, and the thick flesh that quickly turns red with injury. Microscopically, its spores have more regular surface ridges and a more widely meshed reticulum.[16]

Habitat and distribution

Lactarius fuliginosus is ectomycorrhizal with deciduous trees.[10] Its fruit bodies grow on the ground in deciduous forests of Europe and North America. In Asia, it has been recorded from Kashmir Valley in India,[17] China, and Japan.[10]

Chemistry

The fruit bodies were noted to have

mycophagy.[21]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Lactarius fuliginosus (Krapf) Fr., Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici: 348, 1838". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2013-05-29.
  2. ^ Fries EM. (1838). Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici (in Latin). Uppsala: Typographica Academica. p. 348.
  3. ^ Kummer P. (1871). Der Führer in die Pilzkunde (in German). Zerbst: C. Luppe. p. 127.
  4. ^ Kuntze O. (1891). Revisio generum plantarum (in German). Vol. 2. Leipzig: A. Felix. p. 856.
  5. ^ Heilmann-Clausen et al. (2000), p. 242.
  6. ^ Lange JE. (1928). "Studies in the agarics of Denmark. Part VII. Volvaria, Flammula, Lactarius". Dansk Botanisk Arkiv. 5 (5): 1–49 (see p. 33).
  7. ^ Heilmann-Clausen et al. (2000), p. 234.
  8. ^ Heilmann-Clausen et al. (2000), p. 226.
  9. ^ Heilmann-Clausen et al. (2000), p. 27.
  10. ^
    S2CID 5097766
    .
  11. ^ Rea C. (1968). British Basidiomycetae. Cambridge University Press Archive. p. 492.
  12. ^ "Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK-Revised". Scottish Fungi. Retrieved 2013-06-02.
  13. ^ a b Heilmann-Clausen et al. (2000), pp. 244–5.
  14. ISBN 978-88-418-7695-4
    .
  15. ^ Chapuis JR. (1980). "Jahresbericht 1979 des Verbandstoxikologen" [Annual report 1979 by the toxicologist]. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde (in German). 58 (6): 84–90.
  16. ^ Heilmann-Clausen et al. (2000), p. 239.
  17. ISSN 0379-5179
    .
  18. S2CID 85369383
    .
  19. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)82947-6
    .
  20. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88270-3
    .
  21. PMID 18601235
    .

Cited literature

External links
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