Lavelanet
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Lavelanet | |
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Coordinates: 42°56′01″N 1°50′58″E / 42.9336°N 1.8494°E | |
Country | France |
Region | Occitania |
Department | Ariège |
Arrondissement | Pamiers |
Canton | Pays d'Olmes |
Intercommunality | Pays d'Olmes |
Government | |
• Mayor (2020–2026) | Marc Sanchez[1] |
Area 1 | 12.57 km2 (4.85 sq mi) |
Population (2021)[2] | 6,035 |
• Density | 480/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
INSEE/Postal code | 09160 /09300 |
Elevation | 490–802 m (1,608–2,631 ft) (avg. 525 m or 1,722 ft) |
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. |
Lavelanet (French pronunciation: .
History
Prehistory and Antiquity
The Roman character of the subsurface constructions of the two towers of the ancient feudal castle of Lavelanet give Lavelanet a very ancient origin. A town must have existed before the Roman conquest because the Romans considered it appropriate to build fortifications in the gorge of the river Touyre. The name of the fortified castle "Castelsarrasin" also recalls the stay of the Moors in this area (this information being based on hypotheses).[3]
The appearance of the first “drapery fullers” follows the arrival of the Phoenicians in the region; in fact for commercial purposes they teach the "natives" the art of textiles and the use of fuller's earth which abounds near Lavelanet, in exchange for gold, silver, resin, and the areas furs.[4]
In 213, the emperor Caracalla had cargoes of cloth transported to Rome from Lavelanet.[4]
Middle Ages
The primitive town of Lavelanet was located in the town of Bensa, a priory founded by the monks of Saint-Sernin of Toulouse in 9th century.[5] The church of Bensa would be made up of two churches, one Carolingian from the 9th century, the other Romanesque from the 11th century. Due to the lack of writings, it is therefore a landmark in time for the primitive town of Lavelanet. In fact the first church was not large enough for the population, it was enlarged, today forming only one church called Saint-Sernin de Bensa à Lavelanet.[6] The town of Lavelanet will appear at the foot of the fortified castle or "Castrum" named "Castelsarrasin", a castle that belonged to the Count of Foix. This castle was demolished in 1964.[7]
Throughout the period of the
In 1204, the mother of Raimond de Péreille, defender of Montségur and co-lord of Lavelanet, established a community of Cathars women there. The town of Lavelanet was born at the foot of the Castrum "Castelsarrasin". The current remains do not allow us to deduce either its size or its importance. Even if some wanted to see it as a real fortress, Lavelanet was probably a Castrum, that is to say a fortified village around a fortified house[8]
This castle or Castrum was the property of the county of Foix. The county of Foix corresponded approximately to the Ariège basin and included two regions separated by the limestone barrier of the massif Plantaurel. It stood out for the individualism of its population, very attached to its counts, its freedoms and to Catharism which was very established in country of the Olmes.[9]
The Albigensian Crusade of Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, a period which at the behest of Pope Innocent III and the Kingdom of France launching a crusade against the Cathar heresy, which was terrible for the region. In particular, the army of Simon de Montfort seized Béziers and massacred the entire population. Carcassonne in turn suffered a siege before being taken. During the years 1210 and 1211, the towns of Minerve, Termes and Puivert were taken by the crusaders.[10] The castle, Castrum "Castelsarrasin" did not resist and was destroyed in 1212.[11]
The
Next to Lavelanet, the
The Treaty of Paris (1229) puts an end to the Albigensian Crusade and the community would become part of the lordship of Mirepoix in 1229. The lands of the Lavelanet area were confiscated by Simon IV de Montfort and Guy de Montfort-Castres and given to lieutenant Guy de Montfort, Lord of Sidon. The latter will seize all the lands of the Cathar lords from Mirepoix to Lavelanet. Based on the Treaty of Paris (1229), the House of Lévis was established in the region for seven centuries.
In his deposition before the Inquisition in 1244, Raymond de Péreille, lord of Montségur, explains that he "saw the Cathars publicly holding their houses in Lavelanet, with his ' consent and his will ».[8]
Population
Its inhabitants are called Lavelanetiens.
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Source: EHESS[12] and INSEE (1968-2017)[13] |
Tour de France
In 2002 the 13th stage of the Tour de France started in Lavelanet.[14]
In 2008 the 12th stage of the Tour de France started in Lavelanet.
Etymology
The name of Lavelanet comes from the
The city is commonly called Neout by the locals.
Personalities
- Alix André (1909-2000), romance novelist
- footballer
- Benoît Baby, rugby player
- Jean-Paul Banos and Jean-Marie Banos, fencers
- Perrine Laffont, mogul skier
- Daniel Lassalle, baroque trombonist
See also
References
- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Populations légales 2021". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
- ^ Le Pèlerin (ed.). "Le Château de Lavelanet". Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- ^ a b c Georges Jorré (1938). Geographic Review of the Pyrenees and the South-West (ed.). "Industry in the Pyrenees of Ariège". Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- ^ Diocese of Pamiers. ariege-catholique/ (ed.). "Saint-Sernin de Bensa in Lavelanet (Pays d'Olmes)". Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ^ Diocese of Pamiers (ed.). "Saint-Sernin de Bensa in Lavelanet". Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- ^ Pays d'Olmes.org, ed. (1 January 1996). "Lavelanet". Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ^ a b pyreneescathares-patrimoine.fr (ed.). "Lavelanet: the history of the city". Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ Gabriel Llobet. Encyclopedia Universalis (ed.). "Foix Comté From". Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- ^ Gabriel Llobet. "Albigeois crusade against the (chronological benchmarks)". Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- ^ J.J. Pétris. "Lavelanet". Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Lavelanet, EHESS (in French).
- ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
- ^ Tour de France: 'The others are better this year,' Lance says - International Herald Tribune