Light skin in Japanese culture
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Bihaku (美白) is a Japanese term meaning "beautifully white" which was coined in the early 1900s with the emergence of skin whitening products and cosmetics. Even in ancient Japanese haiku there have been numerous references to this term.[citation needed]
Summary
Although
Following
Bihaku products are highly popular among mature women. They are also popular with teenage girls and those in their twenties who desire to look like pop singers, such as Ayumi Hamasaki, and are promoted in numerous youth fashion magazines such as Popteen and S Cawaii!. Bihaku products are also prevalent and a key item in numerous youth subcultures such as gyaru and ageha girls. An opposition to the idea of fair skin beauty grew with the gyaru subculture called "ganguro" in the 1990s which later died out by the end of the 2000s.
Lightening methods
The popular method of bihaku is to use cosmetics that stop the production of melanin. Traditionally,
For skin whitening cosmetics for use by the public, the
See also
- Bijin
- Bijinga
- Skin whitening
- K-Beauty
- C-Beauty
Notes
References
- JSTOR 43294433.
- ^ 小林 信彦 (2003). "オホハラヘの成立に関与した異文化文献 : ヤマヒとワザハヒを追加する際に使われた『藥師經』(2)". 桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要. 28 (3).NII:1420/00001218
- ^ 川島堅二 (2019). "出口王仁三郎『霊界物語』とキリスト教 ─ キリスト教土着の一事例として─" (PDF). 人文学と神学. 16. 東北学院大学学術研究会.人文学と神学 第16号
- ^ a b Pan, Elysia (April 2003). Beautiful White: An Illumination of Asian Skin-Whitening Culture (Thesis). Duke University. pp. 23, 27–30, 38, 50–52.