Lilburn Boggs

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Lilburn Boggs
6th Governor of Missouri
In office September 30, 1836 – November 16, 1840
Lieutenant	Franklin Cannon
Preceded by	Daniel Dunklin
Succeeded by	Thomas Reynolds
4th Lieutenant Governor of Missouri
In office November 19, 1832 – September 30, 1836
Governor	Daniel Dunklin
Preceded by	Daniel Dunklin
Succeeded by	Franklin Cannon
Personal details
Born	Lilburn Williams Boggs (1796-12-14)December 14, 1796 Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.
Died	March 14, 1860(1860-03-14) (aged 63) Rancho Napa, California, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Battles/wars	War of 1812

Lilburn Williams Boggs (December 14, 1796 – March 14, 1860)^[1] was the sixth Governor of Missouri from 1836 to 1840. He is now most widely remembered for his interactions with Joseph Smith and Porter Rockwell, and Missouri Executive Order 44, known by Mormons as the "Extermination Order", issued in response to the ongoing conflict between church members and other settlers of Missouri. Boggs was also a key player in the Honey War of 1837.

Early life

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Boggs was born in Lexington, Fayette County, Kentucky, on December 14, 1796, to John McKinley Boggs and Martha Oliver. Boggs served for 18 months with the Kentucky troops during the War of 1812. He moved in 1816 from Lexington, Kentucky to Missouri, which was then part of the Louisiana Territory. He was a member of the Smithton Company that would establish the Town of Smithton that would later grow into Columbia, Missouri.

In

In 1823, Boggs married Panthea Grant Boone (1801–1880), a granddaughter of Daniel Boone, in Callaway County, Missouri. They spent most of the following twenty-three years in Jackson County, Missouri, where all but two of their many children were born.

Boggs started out as a clerk, then entered politics. He served as a Missouri state senator in 1825 to 1832; as lieutenant governor from 1832 to 1836; governor from 1836 to 1840; and again as state senator from 1842 to 1846. He was a Democrat.

Extermination order

While governor of Missouri, Boggs issued Missouri Executive Order 44, a document known in

...open and avowed defiance of the laws, and of having made war upon the people of this State ... the Mormons must be treated as enemies, and must be exterminated or driven from the State if necessary for the public peace—their outrages are beyond all description.

The order was rescinded on June 25, 1976, after nearly 138 years, by Missouri Governor

Assassination attempt

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Boggs, who was from Independence, moved to a house within the City of Zion plot in Independence after the Mormons were evicted from Missouri and after he left office. His home was three blocks east of

A few people saw the assassination attempt positively: an anonymous contributor to The Wasp, a pro-Mormon newspaper in Nauvoo, Illinois, that was run by Joseph Smith's brother, William Smith, wrote on May 28 that "Boggs is undoubtedly killed according to report; but who did the noble deed remains to be found out."^[4]

Rockwell denied involvement in oblique terms, stating that he had "done nothing criminal". Also at about this time, John C. Bennett reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs, and that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed. He went on to say that Rockwell had made a veiled threat against Bennett's life if he publicized the story. Joseph Smith vehemently denied Bennett's account, speculating that Boggs — no longer governor, but campaigning for state senate — was attacked by an election opponent. Mormon writer Monte B. McLaws, in the Missouri Historical Review, supported Smith, averring that while there was no clear finger pointing to anyone, Governor Boggs was running for election against several violent men, all capable of the deed, and that there was no particular reason to suspect Rockwell of the crime. The following year Rockwell was arrested, tried, and acquitted of the attempted murder (Bushman, p. 468)

Western settlement

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Boggs traveled overland to California in 1846 and is frequently mentioned among the notable emigrants of that year. His traveling companions widely believed that his move was rooted in his fear of the Mormons. When the train set out in early May, he campaigned to be elected its captain, but lost to William H. Russell; when Russell resigned on June 18, the group was thereafter led by Boggs. Among the Boggs Company were most of the emigrants who later separated from the group to form the Donner Party.

Boggs was accompanied by his second wife, Panthea, and his younger children as well as his son, William, and William's bride, Sonora Hicklin. They arrived in

Boggs was elected to the California State Assembly from the Sonoma District in 1852.^[5]

In 1855, he retired to live at Rancho Napa in Napa County, California, where he died on March 14, 1860.^[1] His widow Panthea died in Napa County, California, on September 23, 1880. They are buried in Tulocay Cemetery, Napa, California.^[6]

His son, Theodore Boggs, would later found the town of

References

Sources

• Boggs, William M. A Short Biographical Sketch of Lilburn W. Boggs, by his son.
• ISBN 1-4000-4270-4
• Johnson, Kristin. "Lilburn W. Boggs." In Unfortunate Emigrants: Narratives of the Donner Party. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press, 1996.
• LeSueur, Stephen C. The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1990.
• McLaws, Monte B. "The Attempted Assassination of Missouri's Ex-Governor, Lilburn W. Boggs". Missouri Historical Review, 60.1 (October 1965).
• Schindler, Harold. Orrin Porter Rockwell: Man of God, Son of Thunder. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1966.
• Sonoma County Genealogical Society. Portraits of Early Sonoma County Settlers, pp. 12-24. Santa Rosa, California: Caiifornia Genealogical Society, 2016;
  ISBN 978--1-365-13126-4

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Extermination Order (Mormonism)

Media related to Lilburn Boggs at Wikimedia Commons

• "Extermination Order"
• Text of both the Extermination Order and Bond's Executive Order.
• Missouri Governor Lilburn Boggs executive orders, MSS SC 1790 at
  L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
• Lillburn W. Boggs testimony and financial note, MSS SC 1203 at
  L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University