Lingeer Fatim Beye

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Lingeer Fatim Beye
Lingeer of Sine
The Star of Yoonir. Symbol of the Universe in Serer religion and cosmogony. It also symbolizes the Serer people of Sine.
(O xoor paÿ)
Reignc. 1335[1]
Heir-apparentLingeer Ndoung Jein, Lingeer Fatim Malado, Lingeer Ndoye Demba
BornKingdom of Sine
SpouseMaad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh,[2] king of Sine (Maad a Sinig, 1350 - 1370)
IssueLingeer Ndoung Jein (not the only issue, and not a daughter of Maysa Wali.)
Names
Lingeer Fatim Beye Joos Fadiou
HouseJoos c. 1335, founder / matriarch
ReligionSerer religion

Lingeer Fatim Beye Joos Fadiou

Gambia) or Bèye (French-Senegal). Joos Fadiou is her maternal clan. In Serer
, "Fa-tim" means "the maternal clan of..."

Brak Caaka Mbaar Mbooj[7]),[2][8] in c. 1367. Lingeer Ndoye Demba went on to establish the Joos Maternal Dynasty in Waalo which lasted from the 14th century to 1855, the year Waalo fell to the French resulting in the disestablishment of the monarchy.[9] From the 14th century to 1855, the Joos Maternal Dynasty provided many kings of Waalo but also contributed to its instability due to dynastic struggles between the competing maternal dynasties of the country (Joos, Tedyek and Loggar[10]).[11][12]

Biography

Further information:
Serer history (medieval era to present)

Lingeer Fatim Beye was a member of the

matriarch of the Joos Maternal Dynasty of Waalo.[2][4] The Joos Maternal Dynasty (Serer proper : Joos Fadiou or Dioss Fahou/Fadiou[8][10]) was a Serer maternal dynasty in the Wolof Kingdom of Waalo.[2][13]

Fatim Beye was a contemporary of

Ñaancos at the Battle of Troubang in(1335) at Kaabu,[16] spearheaded their migration to Serer territory after the massacre inflicted upon them at Troubang. In reporting this tradition, Gravrand did not notice that this is actually a description of the 1867 (or 1865) Battle of Kansala although the departure of the Guelowar can probably be explained by a war or a conflict of succession.[17] It was the Serer nobility to which Lingeer Fatim Beye's family were a member of, who granted them asylum after their escape from Kaabu, the country of their birth.[15] As an early ancestor of the Joos Maternal Dynasty, with royal ties to two pre-colonial Senegambian kingdoms from the start of their constitutional change, Lingeer Fatim Beye is regarded as one of the most significant female personalities of Serer and Senegambian dynastic history.[5][6][18] Her descendants went on to shape Senegambian medieval to 19th century history.[11]

Joos Maternal Dynasty

Main article: Joos Maternal Dynasty

The Joos Maternal Dynasty originated from the Serer

Brak.[8] Ndoye Demba's marriage to one of the earliest Braks established the Joos Maternal Dynasty which lasted for nearly 600 years.[8][9] As of c. 1367, this maternal dynasty provided many Braks of Waalo. Brak Yerim Mbanyik was the first king from this maternal dynasty.[21] He was the son of Lingeer Ndoye Demba and Brak Caaka Mbar.[21] The Braks themselves predated by the Lamanes,[22][6] ruled over Waalo from the 14th century until the disestablishment of the monarchy in 1855 due to French colonialism.[9]

Although Lingeer Ndoye Demba is generally regarded as the ancestor of the Joos of Waalo, and Lingeer Fatim Beye as an early ancestor and matriarch,[2] some sources suggests that Fatim Beye was the founder of the Joos Dynasty.[5]

That Fatim Bey [Beye] is called the founder of Dioss [Joos] does not conflict with the view that Ndoye Demba is Dioss' ancestor. Fatim/Fatimata Beye was an earlier ancestor.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Married to Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh king of Sine just after Battle of Troubang. See : BIFAN 1955, p 317; & Sarr, p 19
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Institut français d'Afrique noire, Bulletin de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire: Sciences humaines, Volume 17. IFAN, (1955), p 317 (in French)
  3. ^ Many variations : Fatimata Beye (see BIFAN, 1979, pp 225, 233), Fatim/Fatimata Beye (see BIFAN, 1979, p 234), Fatime Bey (BIFAN, 1979, p 234), etc. The Serer surname Beye or Bèye, following its French spelling in Senegal is also a Serer matriclan. Fatim (proper : Fa tim) in Serer language means "the maternal clan of..." For more on Serer matrilineality, see: Jean-Marc Gastellu « 'Petit traité de matrilinarité. L'accumulation dans deux sociétés rurales d'Afrique de l'Ouest', Cahiers ORSTOM, série Sciences Humaines (1985) » (in French), and Jean-Marc Gastellu, "Matrilineages, Economic Groups and Differentiation in West Africa" : A Note (O.R.S.TO.M)
  4. ^ a b Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire: Sciences humaines, Volume 41 (1979), p 225
  5. ^ a b c d e f BIFAN (1979), p 234
  6. ^ a b c Dyao, Yoro, "Légendes et coutumes sénégalaises", Cahiers de Yoro Dyao: publiés et commentés par Henri Gaden. (E. Leroux, 1912) (in French)
  7. ^ a b Variations : Thiaka Mbar (see BIFAN, 1979, p 234) or Tiacka Mbar (see BIFAN, 1955, p 317)
  8. ^
    Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire
    , Volume 41. p 234, (1979)
  9. ^ a b c Barry, 1985, p 41
  10. ^
    Brak
    ) must be a member of one of these three as well as from the patrilineage Mbooj (or Mbodj) before being eligible to succeed to the throne. See : Barry, 1985, p 73
  11. ^ a b Barry, 1985, pp 183-186.
  12. ISBN 0435948113 [1]
    (Retrieved : 11 July 2012)
  13. ISBN 2865371417
    (in French)
  14. ^ For more on this, see : Lamane, Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh, Guelowar and Kingdom of Sine
  15. ^
    Université de Dakar
    (1987), p 69 (in French)
  16. ^ Sarr, Alioune, "Histoire du Sine-Saloum" (Sénégal). Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87. p 19 (in French)
  17. ^ Sarr, Alioune, Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal) Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. 1986-87, p 19
  18. ^ a b Brigaud, Félix, "Histoire du Sénégal: Des origines aux traités de protectorat", Clair-afrique (1964), p 16 (in French)
  19. ISBN 2865374874
    (Retrieved : 9 July 2012)
  20. ^ Varitation : Barka Mbodj (see BIFAN, 1979, p 234)
  21. ^ a b Monteil, pp 39-40
  22. ^ Boulègue, Jean, "Le Grand Jolof", (XVIIIe - XVIe Siècle). (Paris, Edition Façades), Karthala (1987), p 30 (in French)

Bibliography

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