Linggi River

Linggi River
Linggi River
	A pier at the mouth of the Linggi, near the Negeri Sembilan-Malacca state border.
	Linggi River (Malacca) Linggi River (Negeri Sembilan) Linggi River (Peninsular Malaysia)
Native name	Sungai Linggi (Malay)
Location
Country	Malaysia
State	Negeri Sembilan and Malacca
Physical characteristics
Source	Titiwangsa Mountains
• location	Pantai, Seremban District, Negeri Sembilan
• coordinates	2°49′02″N 101°59′14″E / 2.8172°N 101.9872°E
Mouth	Strait of Malacca
• location	Kuala Linggi, Alor Gajah District, Malacca and Kampung Tanjung Agas, Port Dickson District, Negeri Sembilan
• coordinates	2°23′26″N 101°58′26″E / 2.3906°N 101.9738°E
Length	83.5 km (51.9 mi)
Basin features
Tributaries
• right	Semin River; Rembau River
Bridges	Jambatan Kampung Barisan; Jambatan Jalan Rantau; Jambatan Kuala Linggi
Inland ports	Port of Kuala Sungai Linggi

Oil tankers

near the Linggi River mouth

The Linggi River (Malay: Sungai Linggi) is a river in Malaysia which flows through the states of Negeri Sembilan and Malacca. It is one of two major rivers that serve as water sources for most of Negeri Sembilan's population, the other being the Muar River, which constitutes the state's eastern half.

History

The Linggi, alongside the

Jempol

.

Several conflicts took place around the river in the 19th century:

Sungai Ujong–Selangor border dispute

In 1766, the sultanate of

Sungai Ujong, in the process. This has led to the dissatisfaction of Dato' Klana Sendeng, the Undang

of Sungai Ujong at the time, as the Linggi River was within his dominion, and he was also responsible for the taxations in the area as well.

In 1862, he expressed objection towards the

Malacca. The negotiation ended with Raja Abdullah, in reluctance, cedes Lukut and the Linggi River to Sungai Ujong viva voce

. Nevertheless, Selangorean nobles continued to rule over these areas.

The dispute rose again in 1866, which resulted in Sultan Abdul Samad cedes the river to Dato' Klana Sendeng as the boundary between the two territories two years later in a written statement, and it fared negative reactions from the nobles of

Singapore on 30 July 1880. In response, Sungai Ujong ceded the northern part of its territory (Semenyih, Kajang, Bangi, Beranang and Broga

) to Selangor.

Klana–Bandar conflict and British intervention in Sungai Ujong

Dato' Klana Syed Abdul Rahman had been rivals with another nobleman from the same area, Dato' Bandar Abdullah Tunggal. Syed Abdul Rahman was instated as the Undang of Sungai Ujong in 1872, in the wake of the death of his uncle, Dato' Klana Sendeng. Since then, they engaged in a tight competition in spreading their influence throughout the chiefdom, as well as to gain control over the Linggi River. Speaking of areas of influence, Dato' Klana Syed Abdul Rahman's dominion covers Ampangan, Setul, Lenggeng and parts of Seremban; while Dato' Bandar Abdullah Tunggal's cover Rasah, extending northwards to Labu.

The conflict stemmed from Abdullah Tunggal's rising popularity thanks to his profitable taxations imposed in the ports along the Linggi, including Rasah. Deeming him to be a direct competitor, Syed Abdul Rahman argued with him over the taxations in Kuala Linggi. Feeling threatened, the Dato' Klana sought for British assistance in restoring his position as the ruler of Sungai Ujong. On 21 April 1874, a treaty between the Dato' Klana and the British was sealed, of which he accepted being under the protection of the British Empire, as well as assigned the settlements of Sempang to Permatang Pasir to be under British control. With this treaty effective, Capt. P.J. Murray was appointed as the first Resident of Sungai Ujong, and Syed Abdul Rahman also restored his immunity as the Undang. In addition, this also granted the British full authority to collect taxes along the Linggi, only leading to the Dato' Bandar's ire once he learned about it. In retaliation, he firmly opposed against the treaty, and to a certain degree, sent death threats to the former.

Planning an

Malacca

to Sungai Ujong in order to coax the Dato' Bandar to make peace with the Dato' Klana, along with the Chinese miners to not partake in the conflict.

The conflict escalates as several diplomatic attempts between Syed Abdul Rahman and Abdullah Tunggal by Pickering and his men failed. The Dato' Bandar was last seen reinforcing his fortifications in Kepayang in a 14 November visit by Pickering to Sungai Ujong. Meanwhile, the Dato' Klana has appointed a new Dato' Bandar from the same

Adat Perpatih

, where both of them should not wage war between each other since they are considered as relatives. Nevertheless, as there are no options left, he resorted into armed conflict in order to restore peace in Sungai Ujong. On 15 November, the Dato' Klana sent a letter to Abdullah Tunggal to come to Sungai Ujong in peace, of which the latter declined.

A

bugler

, and 26 soldiers from the 10th Regiment including some policemen. They set off to Sungai Ujong by sea and arrived in Ampangan via the Linggi River on 25 November, but prior to their arrival, Pickering's team successfully seized Rahang and Rasah from Abdullah Tunggal.

The civil war lasted until 17 December, where Abdullah Tunggal surrendered himself to Syed Abdul Rahman and the British in Sungai Ujong, and was

Tuanku Muhammad, Seri Menanti, along with its peripheral chiefdoms, including Rembau and Tampin were combined into a single confederation known as the Confederacy of Seri Menanti, of which both Sungai Ujong and Jelebu later joined in 1895, forming the state of Negeri Sembilan at its modern borders. Following this, Tuanku Muhammad became the first Yamtuan Besar of modern Negeri Sembilan, and Martin Lister was made the first Resident. The newly formed state was then incorporated into the Federated Malay States along with Selangor, Perak and Pahang

the same year.

Course

The Linggi starts from the foothills of the

Titiwangsa Range in Kampung Jerlang, Pantai in Seremban District, flowing westwards through the towns of Ampangan, Seremban, Rasah, Mambau and Rantau in the same district, Linggi in Port Dickson District and ends at the small coastal hamlet of Kuala Linggi in Alor Gajah District, Malacca, where a 360-metre long bridge connecting the two states is located.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Tourism

The estuary of the Linggi River is known for its biodiversity and historical significance. It hosts one of the biggest population of

bivalve. The Malaccan state government had designated the Paya Lebar section of the river's estuary as a major tourist attraction as an initiative to boost the economy of the state's north, where tourists will embark on a cruise through the river's lush mangrove swamps. Moreover, the mangrove forest at the Kuala Linggi section had been previously gazetted by the state government as a nature reserve, known as the Kuala Linggi Mangrove Recreational Forest

.

Also present are the remnants of two fortresses, Fort Kuala Linggi (also known as Fort Supai and Fort Filiphina) in Kuala Linggi, and Fort Simpang in Paya Lebar, both were erected during the Dutch colonial period.

Gallery

Village locals fishing in the river near Mambau
The Linggi River near Rantau. The Titiwangsa Mountains can be seen in the background.
Skerries at the river's estuary

References

^ "Projek ikan sangkar di Sungai Linggi - Wilayah - Utusan Online". www.utusan.com.my. Archived from the original on 2015-10-17.
^ "Pemerhati Kuala Linggi" (PDF).
^ "Sang Bedal sesat atas Jambatan Linggi".

[1] "Projek ikan sangkar di Sungai Linggi - Wilayah - Utusan Online". www.utusan.com.my. Archived from the original on 2015-10-17.

[2] "Pemerhati Kuala Linggi" (PDF).

[3] "Sang Bedal sesat atas Jambatan Linggi".

[1]

[2]

[3]

v t e Geography of Malacca
Islands	Besar Konet Undan Upeh Malacca
Seas	Strait of Malacca
Exclaves	Tanjung Tuan
Rivers	Kesang River Linggi River Malacca River