List of endangered languages in Mexico
Language Endangerment Status | |
---|---|
Extinct (EX) | |
| |
Endangered | |
Safe | |
| |
Other categories | |
Related topics | |
UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories | |
An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":[1]
- Vulnerable
- Definitely endangered
- Severely endangered
- Critically endangered
Languages
Language | Speakers | Status | Comments | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acatepec Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Akatek language, Akatek[1] | Vulnerable | |||
Awakatek language, Awakatek[1] | Critically endangered | |||
Ayapanec[1]
|
Critically endangered | |||
Ayapenaco language, Ayapenaco[1] | Critically endangered | |||
Ayautla Mazatec language, Ayautla Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Central Cuicatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Central Náhuatl[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Central Otomí[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Central Pame[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Central Popoloc[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Central Tlapanec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Central Zoque[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Chatino of the western lowlands[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Chatino of Zacatepec[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Chichimec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Chihuahua Lower Pima[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Chilchotla Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Chiquihuitlán Mazatec language, Chiquihuitlán Mazatec[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Chontal Tabasco[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Chuj language, Chuj[1] | Critically endangered | |||
Cocopa[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Eastern Chocho[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Eastern Cuicatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Eastern Mazahua[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Eastern Popoloc[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Eastern Tlapanec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Eloxochitlán Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Filomeno Mata Totonac language, Filomeno Mata Totonac[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Higher Reservoir Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Highland Chontal[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Highland Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Huasteca Náhuatl[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Huehuetla Tepehua language, Huehuetla Tepehua[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Huehuetlán Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Huichol[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Isthmus Náhuatl[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Ixcatec language, Ixcatec[1] | Critically endangered | |||
Ixcatlán Mazatec language, Ixcatlán Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Ixil language, Ixil[1] | Critically endangered | |||
Ixtenco Otomí[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Jakaltek language, Jakaltek[1] | Severely endangered | |||
Kʼicheʼ language, Kʼicheʼ[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
Kaqchikel language, Kaqchikel[1] | Critically endangered | |||
Critically endangered | ||||
Kiliwa language, Kiliwa[1] | Critically endangered | |||
Critically endangered | ||||
Lower Mixe[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Lower Northwestern Otomí[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Lowland Chontal[1]
|
Critically endangered | |||
Lowland Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Malinaltepec Tlapanec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Mam language, Mam[1] | Severely endangered | |||
Matlatzinca language, Matlatzinca[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
Mayo language, Mayo[1] | Critically endangered | |||
Mazatlán Mazatec language, Mazatlán Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Mezquital Otomí[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Misantla Totonac language, Misantla Totonac[1]
|
Critically endangered | |||
Mixtec of San Miguel Piedras[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Mixtec of San Pedro Tidaá[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Mixtec of Santa Cruz Itundujia[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Mixtec of Santa Inés de Zaragoza[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Mixtec of the central Ravine[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Mixtec of the northeast lowlands[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Mixtec of the Puebla-Oaxaca border[1] (several Mixtec languages go by this name; UNESCO intends Chazumba Mixtec) |
Definitely endangered | |||
Mixtec of the southwest of Puebla[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Mixtec of Tlaltempan[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Mixtec of Villa de Tututepec[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Mixtec of Zapotitlán[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Motocintlec language, Motocintlec[1]
|
Critically endangered | |||
Mountain Guarijío[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Northern Cuicatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Northern Pame[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Northern Popoloc[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Northern Tepehuán[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Northern Tlapanec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Northern Totonac[1]
|
Critically endangered | |||
Northwestern Otomí[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Northwestern Tarahumara[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Northwestern Tlapanec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Oʼodham[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Ocopetatillo Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Ocoyoacac Otomí[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Olultecan [typo][1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Ozumatlán Totonac language, Ozomatlán Totonac[1]
|
Critically endangered | |||
Paipai language, Paipai[1] | Severely endangered | |||
Papantla Totonac language, Papantla Totonac[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Patla-Chicontla Totonac[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Purépecha[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Pisaflores Tepehua language, Pisaflores Tepehua[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Puebla Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
River Guarijío[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
San Dionisio del Mar Huave[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
San Francisco del Mar Huave[1]
|
Critically endangered | |||
San Mateo del Mar Huave[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Santa María del Mar Huave[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Sayultec[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Seri language, Seri[1] | Vulnerable | |||
Sierra de Puebla Náhuatl[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Sierra Otomí[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Sierra Popoluca language, Sierra Popoluca[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Sierra Totonac[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Sonora Lower Pima[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Southeastern Tarahumara[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Southern Chocho[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Southern Tlapanec[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Southern Zoque[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Southwestern Tepehuan[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Southwestern Tlapanec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Soyaltepec Mazatec language, Soyaltepec Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Tabasco Náhuatl[1]
|
Critically endangered | |||
Tecóatl Mazatec language, Tecóatl Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Teko[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Texistepecan[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Tilapa Otomí[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Tipai[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Tlachichilco Tepehua language, Tlachichilco Tepehua[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Tlahuica[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Tuzantec[1]
|
Critically endangered | |||
Valle Nacional Chinantec[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Western Chocho[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Western Mazahua[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Western Mazatec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Western Náhuatl[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Western Otomí[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Western Popoloc[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Western Tarahumara[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Western Tlapanec[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Western Zoque[1]
|
Vulnerable | |||
Yaqui language, Yaqui[1] | Vulnerable | |||
Zapotec of Asunción Tlacolulita[1]
|
Critically endangered | |||
Zapotec of Mixtepe[1]
|
Critically endangered | |||
Zapotec of Petapa[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Zapotec of San Antonino el Alto[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Zapotec of San Bartolo Yautepec[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
Zapotec of San Felipe Tejalapan[1]
|
Critically endangered | |||
eastern lowlands Zapotec of the Southern mountains[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
northeast Zapotec of the Southern mountains[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
northwest lowlands Zapotec of the Southern mountains[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
north Zapotec of the Valleys[1] | Severely endangered | |||
central Zapotec of the Valleys[1]
|
Severely endangered | |||
middle northwest Zapotec of the Valleys[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
west Zapotec of the Valleys[1]
|
Definitely endangered | |||
Zapotec of Zimatlán de Álvarez[1]
|
Definitely endangered |
Number of speakers
Language | Speakers |
---|---|
Nahuatl (Nahualt, Nahuat, Nahual, Melatahtol)
|
1,376,026 |
Yucatec Maya (Maaya tʼaan) | 759,000 |
Mixtec (Tuʼun sávi) | 423,216 |
Zapotec (Diidxaza/Dizhsa) | 410,901 |
Tzeltal Maya (Kʼop o winik atel) | 371,730 |
Tzotzil Maya (Batsil kʼop) | 329,937 |
Otomí (Hñä hñü) | 239,850 |
Totonac (Tachihuiin) | 230,930 |
Mazatec (Ha shuta enima) | 206,559 |
Chʼol (Mayan) (Winik) | 185,299 |
Huastec (Téenek) | 149,532 |
Chinantec (Tsa jujmí)
|
125,706 |
Mixe (Ayüük) | 115,824 |
Mazahua (Jñatho) | 111,840 |
Purépecha (Pʼurhépecha) | 105,556 |
Tlapanec (Meꞌphaa) | 98,573 |
Tarahumara (Rarámuri) | 75,371 |
Amuzgo (Tzañcue)
|
43,761 |
Chatino (Chaʼcña) | 42,791 |
Tojolabʼal (Tojolwinik otik)
|
43,169 |
Popoluca (Zoquean) (Tuncápxe) | 54,004 |
Chontal de Tabasco (Yokot tʼan) | 43,850 |
Huichol (Wixárika) | 35,724 |
Mayo (Yoreme) | 32,702 |
Tepehuán (Oʼdam) | 31,681 |
Trique (Tinujéi)
|
24,491 |
Cora (Naáyarite) | 17,086 |
Popoloca (Oto-manguean) | 18,926 |
Huave (Ikoods) | 15,993 |
Cuicatec (Nduudu yu) | 12,610 |
Yaqui (Yoem Noki or Hiak Nokpo) | 14,162 |
Qʼanjobʼal | 10,833 |
Tepehua (Hamasipini)
|
10,625 |
Pame (Xigüe)
|
9,768 |
Mam (Qyool) | 8,739 |
Chontal de Oaxaca (Slijuala sihanuk)
|
5,534 |
Chuj | 2,143 |
Tacuate (Mixtec de Santa María Zacatepec) (Tuʼun Vaʼa) | 2,067 |
Chichimeca jonaz (Úza) | 1,987 |
Guarijío (Warihó)
|
1,905 |
Chocho (Runixa ngiigua)
|
1,078 |
Pima Bajo (Oob Noʼok) | 836 |
Qʼeqchiʼ | 835 |
Lacandón (Hach tʼan) | 731 |
Jakaltek (Poptí) (Abxubal) | 584 |
Matlatzinca/Ocuilteco (Tlahuica) | 522 |
Seri (Cmiique iitom) | 518 |
Ixcatec | 406 |
Kʼicheʼ | 286 |
Kaqchikel | 230 |
Paipai (Jaspuy pai) | 221 |
Cucapá (Kuapá) | 206 |
Mototzintleco (Qatok) | 186 |
Kumiai (Tiʼpai) | 185 |
Pápago (Oʼodham) | 153 |
Kikapú (Kikapoa) | 144 |
Ixil | 108 |
Cochimí (Laymón, mtiʼpá) | 96 |
Kiliwa language (Koʼlew) | 55 |
Aguacatec | 27 |
Ayapenaco | 2 |
Other languages 1 | 337 |
1 Including: | |
Only includes population 5 and older. Source: INEGI (2005) [1] |
See also
References
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Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Retrieved 2015-04-11.