Lithuanian Chronicles
The Lithuanian Chronicles (
First or short redaction
The first or the short redaction (also known as Chronicle of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania or Letopisec Litovskii) was compiled sometime in the 1420s in
The first redaction survived only from later manuscripts and compilations. The earliest known compilation was prepared in Smolensk around 1446 by bishop Gerasim and his clerk Timofei.
- Supraśl Manuscript, written in the middle of the 15th century and preserved in a 1519 copy found in the Supraśl Orthodox Monastery
- Avraamka or Vilnius Manuscript, written by a Smolensk monk named Avraamka in 1495 and found in a Vilnius library
- Uvarov or Slutsk Manuscript, written at the court of Olelkovich, prince of Slutsk and descendant of Gediminas, in the 15th century
- Academic Manuscript, written in the first half of the 16th century, found in Vologda, and published in 1903, is incomplete
- Nikiforov Manuscript, belonged to the Holy Spirit Cathedral in Minsk and was published by Sergey Belokurov] in 1898, is incomplete
Second redaction
The second, more extensive, redaction (also known as Chronicle of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Samogitia) was compiled in the second half of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century
While many modern historians discount the text as useless, it can still provide useful bits and pieces of Lithuanian history as it incorporates many garbled fragments of earlier, now lost, documents and chronicles.
This redaction rarely included dates and contained several independent stories that were cherished by 19th century nationalists: legends how
Several manuscripts are known:[8]
- Krasiński Manuscript, written in the early 16th century, found in a collection of the Krasiński family in Warsaw
- Archaeological Society Manuscript, written in the early 16th century
- Alševa Manuscript, written in 1550 by a likely native Lithuanian speaker, found in a Chomiński library in Alševa
- Raczyński or Poznań Manuscript, written around 1580, gifted by Edward Raczyński to Poznań Library
- Evreinov Manuscript, written in mid-16th century
- Rumyantsev Manuscript, written in the 17th century, first published by the Rumyantsev Museum in 1902
Third or broad redaction
The third and most extensive redaction is known as the Bychowiec Chronicle. It is based on the second redaction. It is believed that this redaction was prepared around the same time as the second redaction with support from Albertas Goštautas.[11] The only known version was discovered in a manor owned by Aleksander Bychowiec and was published in full by Teodor Narbutt in 1846. This chronicle was updated to include events up to 1574.[10] Initially there were doubts if the chronicle is authentic and some suggested that Narbutt falsified it. The doubts were inspired by its sudden discovery and its peculiar similarity with the chronicles of Maciej Stryjkowski; also Narbutt is suspected to have falsified several other historical documents.[4] However, new evidence came to light that portions of the chronicle were published in 1830. Historians now suggest that similarity with Stryjkowski's works resulted from using the same document, maybe even the original third redaction, as the source.[6] Further, in 2011, Lithuanian historians discovered a fragment (about one-fifth of the original) of the third redaction at the National Archives in Kraków and published it in 2018.[12]
The patriotic themes were even more prevalent than in the second redaction. It continued to elaborate on the Palemon legend: to improve chronology Palemon was moved to the 5th century Rome, devastated by
Publication
The popularity of the Chronicle of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia and all of Ruthenia, published by
Notes
- ^ Belarusian: Беларуска-літоўскія летапісы; Russian: Белорусско-литовские летописи, западнорусские летописи; Ukrainian: Білорусько-литовські літописи.
References
- ISBN 978-1-5381-1706-4.
- ISBN 978-1-000-41745-6.
- ^ OCLC 20017802.
- ^ OCLC 14547758.
- ^ a b Garškaitė, Rosita (2014-10-27). "Lietuvos metraščiai – seniausia mūsų istorija" (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos žinios. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ^ OCLC 95559.
- ^ OCLC 20017802.
- ^ ISBN 9955-445-40-8.
- ISSN 1822-3656. Retrieved 2007-11-30.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-45011-9.
- OCLC 20017802.
- ISSN 1822-3656.
- ISSN 0202-3342.