Lumkuia
| Lumkuia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Life restoration | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Synapsida |
| Clade: | Therapsida
|
| Clade: | Cynodontia
|
| Clade: | Probainognathia |
| Family: | †Lumkuiidae Hopson and Kitching, 2001 |
| Genus: | †Lumkuia Hopson and Kitching, 2001 |
| Species: | †L. fuzzi
|
| Binomial name | |
| †Lumkuia fuzzi Hopson and Kitching, 2001
| |
Lumkuia is an extinct
cynodonts, fossils of which have been found in the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group in the South African Karoo Basin that date back to the early Middle Triassic. It contains a single species, Lumkuia fuzzi, which was named in 2001 on the basis of the holotype specimen BP/1/2669, which can now be found at the Bernard Price Institute in Johannesburg, South Africa. The genus has been placed in its own family, Lumkuiidae. Lumkuia is not as common as other cynodonts from the same locality such as Diademodon and Trirachodon.[1]
Discovery and naming
The
chiniquodontids, members of a more mammal-like clade of cynodonts that would later be named Probainognathia.[2]
In 2001 Hopson, joined by
X-ray computed tomography.[2]
Description
The postcanines are similar to those of the later
chiniquodontids, but the secondary palate is quite short in comparison, and the genus lacks the angulation of the ventral cranial margin seen in chiniquodontids.[2] Lumkuia can be seen as more derived than other contemporary cynodonts such as Cynognathus
with the crowns of its teeth high and narrow and having inwardly curving tops.
Classification
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| Cladogram after Hopson & Kitching (2001)[2] |
Lumkuia was first described in 2001 by the palaeontologists Hopson and Kitching, who considered it to be the most
phylogenetic analysis by Liu and Olsen, and multiple later analyses based on the same data matrix, have instead placed it outside the clade formed by Cynognathia and Probainognathia.[3] However, during a 2022 redescription of Lumkuia, new anatomical characters found during the study were incorporated into the Liu & Olsen (2010) matrix, which led to Lumkuia being unambiguously recovered as a basal probainognathian.[3] Before the discovery of Lumkuia, the earliest known probainognathians were from younger strata in Africa and South America that were deposited in the late Middle and Late Triassic.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
References
- ^ Fernando Abdala, P. John Hancox and Johann Neveling (2005). Cynodonts from the Uppermost Burgersdorp Formation, South Africa, and Their Bearing on the Biostratigraphy and Correlation of the Triassic Cynognathus Assemblage Zone. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(1):192-199.
- ^ a b c d e Hopson, J. A. and Kitching, J. W. (2001). A probainognathian cynodont from South Africa and the phylogeny of non-mammalian cynodonts. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 156(1):5-35
- ^ .
- .
- PMID 23986112.
- ^ Romer, A. S. (1969). The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna V. A new chiniquodontid cynodont, Probelesodon lewisi- cynodont ancestry. Breviora 333:1–24.
- ^ Romer, A. S. (1970). The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna VI. A chiniquodontid cynodont with an incipient squamosaldentary jaw articulation. Breviora 344:1–18
- ^ Martínez, R. N. and Forster, C. A. (1996). The skull of Probelesodon sanjuanensis, Sp. Nov., from the Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16:285–91.
- ^ Martínez, R. N., May, C. L. and Forster, C. A. (1996). A new carnivorous cynodont from the Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic, Argentina), with comments on eucynodont phylogeny. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16:271–84.
- ^ Romer, A. S. (1969). The Brazilian Triassic cynodont reptiles Belesodon and Chiniquodon. Breviora 332:1–16
- ^ Hopson, J. A. (1995). Patterns of evolution in the manus and pes of non-mammalian therapsids. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15:615–39.
- Sidor, C. A.(2001). Evolutionary patterns among Permo-Triassic theraspids. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32:449-480.
