Macedonian Federative Organization

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The statute of MFO.

The Macedonian Federative Organization (Bulgarian and Macedonian: Македонска федеративна организация/организација; MFO/МФО) was established in Sofia in 1921 by former Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) left-wing's activists.[1][2]

History

Background

Reestablished in 1920, the

Balkan Federative Republic
. In December 1921, left-leaning deserters formed the official Macedonian Emigre's Federalist Organization (MEFO). In 1922 another group of former Aleksandrov's supporters formed the clandestine Macedonian Federative Revolutionary Organization (MFRO).[3] The only difference between the MEFO and MFRO was that the MFRO was determined for an armed struggle to achieve the liberation of Macedonia.[4]

Origins and goals

Violence between the two groups reinforced a political crisis growing public impression that Bulgarian governments were unstable. Both wings of the MFO supported the creation of a federal Macedonian state within a future

Balkan Communist Federation at that time.[5] The federalists' programme contained a bizarre formulation of a future Macedonian state using Esperanto as official language. The initial leaders of that movement were Filip Atanasov, Todor Panitsa and Hristo Tatarchev. Its adherents were commonly known as "federalists" by way of distinction from the IMRO-members known as "autonomists". As for the relations of the Organization with the Bulgarian government of Aleksandar Stamboliyski, it supported the federalist's movement and was openly hostile to the aspirations of the autonomists. MFO organized a number of armed forays into Pirin Macedonia (Nevrokop and Kyustendil), where it attacked the local IMRO detachments.[6] In March 1923, Stamboliyski, in consequence of the Yugoslav-Bulgarian agreement reached in Niš, began cooperating with Yugoslavia against IMRO. Aided by the government, the federalists set out to destroy the military network of the enemy, but the autonomists scattered the federalist's chetas
and launched an attack on the Stamboliyski's government.

Decline and dissolution

Poster with the participants on the third Congress of MFO (1923).

In the summer of 1923, IMRO aided by radical officers,

IMRO (United) and later the Bulgarian Communist Party.[8]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Д. Тюлеков - ВМРО в Пиринско, 1919-1934 г. - 1.1". www.promacedonia.org. Retrieved 2020-08-15.
  2. ISBN 3-486-58050-7
    , p. 420.
  3. ISBN 9780198858324
    .
  4. ISBN 9780198858324
    . Categories
  5. ISBN 1-85065-534-0
    , p. 81.
  6. ISBN 0-8014-9493-1
    , p. 324.
  7. ^ Graham W. Reid, Mihailo Apostolski, Aleksandar Stojanovski (1979). A History of the Macedonian People. Macedonian Review Editions. p. 290.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Graham W. Reid, Mihailo Apostolski, Aleksandar Stojanovski (1979). A History of the Macedonian People. Macedonian Review Editions. p. 290.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Sources

External links

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