Macrothele
Macrothele | |
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Threatening female M. gigas | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Araneae |
Infraorder: | Mygalomorphae |
Family: | Macrothelidae |
Genus: | Macrothele Ausserer, 1871[1] |
Type species | |
Walckenaer , 1805)
| |
Species | |
42, see text | |
Synonyms[1] | |
|
Macrothele is a
Description
Spiders of this genus are fairly large, with females of some Chinese species ranging from 1 to 3 centimetres (0.4 to 1.2 in) in body length. Males are smaller, sometimes only half that length.[4] Macrothelids can be distinguished from other mygalomorph spiders by their larger posterior sigillae on the sternum, and the arrangement of the rows of teeth on the margin of the chelicerae: larger front-facing margin and smaller rear-facing.[5]
These spiders build tube-webs or funnel-webs under rocks or logs, or in crevices in the ground.[4]
Taxonomy
The genus Macrothele was erected by
The following cladogram shows the possible relationship of Macrothele to related taxa:[5]
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Species
As of December 2022[update], it contains 42 species and one subspecies from Africa, Asia and Europe:[1]
- Macrothele abrupta Benoit, 1965 – Congo
- Macrothele alyrata (Mirza, Sanap & Kunte, 2017) – India
- Macrothele amamiensis Shimojana & Haupt, 1998 – Japan (Ryukyu Is.)
- Macrothele arcuata Tang, Zhao & Yang, 2020 – China
- Macrothele bannaensis Xu & Yin, 2001 – China, Laos
- Macrothele calpeiana (Walckenaer, 1805) (type) – Southern Europe, North Africa
- Macrothele camerunensis Simon, 1903 – Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea
- Macrothele cangshanensis Z. B. Yang, Zhao, Zhang & Z. Z. Yang, 2018 – China
- Macrothele cretica Kulczyński, 1903 – Greece (Crete)
- Macrothele decemnotata Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
- Macrothele drolshageni Özkütük, Elverici, Yağmur & Kunt, 2019 – Turkey
- Macrothele emei Lin & Li, 2021 – China
- Macrothele gigas Shimojana & Haupt, 1998 – Japan (Ryukyu Is.)
- Macrothele guizhouensis Hu & Li, 1986 – China
- Macrothele hanfeii Lin & Li, 2021 – China (Hainan)
- Macrothele holsti Pocock, 1901 – Taiwan
- Macrothele hungae Lin & Li, 2021 – Taiwan
- Macrothele incisa Benoit, 1965 – Congo
- Macrothele jingzhao Chen, Jiang & Yang, 2020 – China
- Macrothele jinlin Z. B. Yang, Zhao, Zhang & Z. Z. Yang, 2018 – China
- Macrothele limenghuai Lin & Li, 2021 – China
- Macrothele maculata (Thorell, 1890) – Myanmar, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java)
- M. m. annamensis Hogg, 1922 – Vietnam
- Macrothele menglunensis Li & Zha, 2013 – China
- Macrothele mingsheng Wu & Z. Z. Yang, 2022 – China
- Macrothele monocirculata Xu & Yin, 2000 – China
- Macrothele multispine Wang, Li & Yang, 2019 – China
- Macrothele nanning Lin & Li, 2021 – China
- Macrothele proserpina Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
- Macrothele raveni Zhu, Li & Song, 2000 – China
- Macrothele sanheensis Tang, Zhao & Yang, 2020 – China
- Macrothele segmentata Simon, 1892 – Malaysia
- Macrothele simplicata (Saito, 1933) – Taiwan
- Macrothele taiwanensis Shimojana & Haupt, 1998 – Taiwan
- Macrothele triangularis Benoit, 1965 – Congo
- Macrothele undata Tang, Zhao & Yang, 2020 – China
- Macrothele vidua Simon, 1906 – India
- Macrothele washanensis Wu & Z. Z. Yang, 2022 – China
- Macrothele wuliangensis Wu & Z. Z. Yang, 2022 – China
- Macrothele yaginumai Shimojana & Haupt, 1998 – Japan (Ryukyu Is.)
- Macrothele yani Xu, Yin & Griswold, 2002 – China
- Macrothele yongshengensis Z. B. Yang, Zhao & Z. Z. Yang, 2019 – China
- Macrothele yunlingensis Z. B. Yang, Zhao & Z. Z. Yang, 2019 – China
See also
References
- ^ doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- S2CID 89984804.
- ^ Ausserer, A. (1871). "Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Arachniden-Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor)". Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 21: 117–224.
- ^ a b Zhu, M.S. & Song, D.X. (2000). "Review of the Chinese funnel-web spiders of the genus Macrothele, with descriptions of two new species (Araneae:Hexathelidae)" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 48 (1): 59–64. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2018-05-20(with key to Chinese species)
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: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ PMID 29374214.
- ^ Murphy, Frances & Murphy, John (2000). An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society.