Makedon (mythology)

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)
"Makednos" redirects here. For the municipal unit of Western Macedonia, see Makednoi.

In

Ancient Greek: Μακεδών) or Makednos (Μακεδνός), was the eponymous ancestor of the ancient Macedonians according to various ancient Greek fragmentary narratives. In most versions, he appears as a native or immigrant leader from Epirus, who gave his name to Macedonia, previously called Emathia according to Strabo,[1] which according to Marsyas of Pella was until then a part of Thrace
.

Etymology

Audio file for the pronunciation of Makednós in Modern Greek

Μακεδών (Makedón) is related to the

Proto-Germanic *magraz "lean, meager". The same root and meaning has been duly assigned to the tribal name of the Macedonians,[5] which is commonly explained as having originally meant "the tall ones" or "highlanders" in Greek.[6]

Genealogy

Son of Zeus

A fragment of the Hesiodic

Maenads in the cult of Dionysus, certainly practiced also in Macedonia.[12]

The mythological chronologization of the Hesiodean passage indicates a time before the Trojan War and Iliad, since then the Magnetes dwell in Magnesia, Thessaly.[13] The Catalogue of Women, which is variously dated mostly between the 8th and 6th century BC, provides the earliest and only reference to a Macedonian element before the 5th century BC historiography.

Son of Aeolus

In a fragment of a chronological work of

Argos", and preserved by Stephanus, Makedon is son of Aeolus, as Hellanicus relates in the first (book or archive list) of his "Hiereiai tes Heras en Argei", and of Makedon, the son of Aeolus, the present Macedonians were named so, then living alone with the Mysians.[14][15] The fragment does not clarify who of the three Aeoli is Makedon's father but Eustathius reported him as one of the ten sons of Aeolus,[16] thus the son of Hellen. In later traditions, Magnes is also reported as one of the ten sons of Aeolus and father of Pierus
.

N. G. L. Hammond, based on the passage of Hellanicus, as well on the Thessalian Magnes being brother of Macedon, suggested that the Macedonian language is an Aeolic Greek dialect.[17] Jonathan M. Hall compares Magnes and Macedon to other excluded tribes from direct lineage to Hellen and later Olympic participants, such as Aetolians, Acarnanians and Arcadians.[18] On the contrary, Eugene N. Borza gives no significance on this mythological figure for any historical conclusions.[19]

Son of Osiris

In "The antiquities of Egypt", first chapter of

Lycopolis, Wepwawet[21]
and in later traditions Makedon is mentioned as a son of the were-wolf Lycaon.

Son of Lycaon

According to

Arcadia. His mother may either be the naiad Cyllene,[23] Nonacris[24] or by unknown woman. The closest brother to him by region is Thesprotus. In the story of Pindus and the Serpent by Claudius Aelianus, Makedon is the son of Lycaon king of Emathia
, "after whom the land was called Macedonia no longer preserving its ancient name".

hegemon[26] (old chieftain), and Pseudo-Scymnus,[27] gêgenês basileus (earth-born king). Isidore of Seville, "rege Deucalionis materno nepote" (king, maternal grandson of Deucalion).[28]

Descendants

According to Marsyas of Pella, Makedon son of Zeus had by a local woman two sons Pierus and Amathus.

Seleucus I Nikator , which is perhaps confused with Europus. Finally, in the version of Lycaon, king of Emathia, Pindus is a son of Makedon, who gave his name to Pindus, where he died, a river of Doris, a region in central Greece.[30][31]

It is unclear whether these localities represent pre- or post-Macedonian elements, since Emathia and Pieria are older toponyms than Macedonia. Anachronism is not infrequent in later mythic traditions. (Cf. Boeotus, reported as father of autochthon Ogyges)

Name

Classical form

In Greek sources, the noun is mostly attested as Μακεδών (Makedôn) with two exceptions: the poetic form Μακηδών (Makêdôn) in Hesiod with long medial vowel serving the metrical feet of

Bálakros
) (Attic/Greek adjectives:koinós, phalakrós), but whether Makedôn or Mákednos is the original spelling presumably cannot be proven. Moreover, the suffix -dnos, either as the "Dorian Makednón ethnos" of Herodotus or makednós, a rare poetic epithet denoting tall, seems not to be attested in epigraphy, or used by Macedonians themselves.

In Latin sources the noun is Macedo. As adjectives the Latin Macedo and Greek Μακεδών (Makedôn) denote foremost a Macedonian man. They also appear, mostly during the Roman era, as personal male names (cf. Macedonius)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Strabo, 7, fr. 11: "What is now called Macedonia was in earlier times called Emathia. And it took its present name from Macedon, one of its early chieftains. And there was also a city Emathia close to the sea."
  2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μακεδνός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 894
  3. ^ Article μακεδνός in: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, Henry Stuart Jones, and Roderick McKenzie: A Greek–English Lexicon (= LSJ). Oxford University Press, Oxford 91925. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  4. LSJ
    . Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  5. ^ Article māk̑- in: Gerhard Köbler: Indogermanisches Wörterbuch. Online edition, 2014 (based in part on Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Francke, Bern 1959, 52005). Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  6. ^ Harper, Douglas. "Macedonia". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
  7. Constantine Porphyrogenitus
    , De Thematibus, 2 (Pertusi, pp. 86–7)].
  8. ^ Greek text: Μακεδονία ἡ χώρα ἀπὸ Μακεδόνoς τοῦ Διὸς και Θυίας τῆς Δευκαλίωνος ἥ δ' ὑποκυσαμένη Διῒ γείνατο τερπικεραύνῳ υἷε δύω,
    Μάγνητα Μακηδόνα θ' ἱππιοχάρμην, οἳ περί Πιερίην καί Ὄλυμπον δώματ' ἒναιον
  9. De Thematibus
    2 p. 48B
  10. LSJ: charma Archived 2009-12-02 at the Wayback Machine, charmê Archived 2009-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Frg 13, Greek text: Μακεδών ὁ Διὸς καὶ Αἰθρίας κατασχὼν τὴν χώραν οὖσαν Θρᾴκης ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ Μακεδονίαν προσηγόρευσεν:
    γήμας δὲ μίαν τῶν ἐγχωρίων τεκνοῦται δύο παῖδας Πίερον καὶ Ἄμαθον, ἀφ' ὧν δύο πόλεις Πιερία καὶ Ἀμαθία ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ. Ἡ Ἱστορία παρὰ Μαρσύα
  12. ISBN 0-8028-2491-9
  13. ISBN 0-19-814294-3
  14. ^ ἄλλοι δ' ἀπὸ Μακεδόνος τοῦ Αἰόλου, ὡς Ἑλλάνικος ἱερειῶν πρώτῃ τῶν ἐν Ἄργει
    καὶ Μακεδόνος [τοῦ] Αἰόλου οὕτω νῦν Μακεδόνες καλοῦνται, μόνοι μετὰ Μυσῶν τότε οἰκοῦντες
  15. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica s.v. Makedonia with Hellanicus, Hiereiai tes Heras en Argei as the authority; Hellanicus fr. 74 (Fowler 2013, p. 155)
  16. ^ Eustathius of Thessalonica. A commentary on Dionysius Periegetes 427
  17. ISBN 1-4058-0162-X
    (2003)
  18. ISBN 0-521-81566-5
    (2003)
  19. ISBN 0-691-05549-1
    (1992)
  20. ^ Diodorus 1.18. Translation by Charles Henry Oldfather. Read the whole passage in translation by Edwin Murphy
  21. ISBN 90-04-03514-1, page 83
    . "Macedon must be identified with Wepwawet, the so-called "wolf" god, who was associated with Anubis as the companion and guardian of Osiris. In one instance Wepwawet also appears as the son of Osiris: "I am Wepwawet, the heir of Senwy, the son of Osiris."
  22. ^ Apollodorus, 3.8.1
  23. ^ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates Romanae 1.13.1
  24. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 8.17.6
  25. ^ A History of Macedonia: 550-336 B.C By Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond, Guy Thompson Griffith v. 2 (1979) Page 39
  26. ^ Strabo, VII, fr.11
  27. ^ Periegesis 620
  28. ^ Opera omnia quae extant IX 78
  29. ISBN 960-7094-89-1
    , p. 240. "This substitution of Emathia for what was practically in Classical times Bottia, and its joint use with Pieria in order to describe the original cradle of the Macedonian kingdom and not Polybios' innovations, but can be traced back at least to the second half of the fourth century, when Marsyas of Pella made Amathos and Pieros the eponymous of these two subdivisions..."
  30. ^ Aelian, De Natura Animalium 10.48
  31. scholium
    )

References

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