Man Singh Tomar
Man Singh Tomar | |
---|---|
Maharaja of Gwalior | |
Reign | 1486–1516 |
Predecessor | Kalyanmal Tomar |
Successor | Vikramaditya Tomar |
Born | Gwalior |
Died | 1516 A.D. Gwalior |
Spouse | Queen Mrignayani |
Issue | Vikramaditya Tomar and many others |
House | Tomar/Tanwar dynasty |
Father | Raja Kalyanmal Tomar |
Religion | Hinduism |
Man Singh Tomar (
History
Maharaja Man Singh Tomar was born to Raja Kalyanmall, the Tomar Rajput ruler of Gwalior.[5] He ruled for over 30 years. In his years the Tomar sometimes feuded with and were sometimes allies with the sultans of Delhi.
Amongst other women, he married a Gurjar called Mrignayani. Tomar built
Tomar was a great warrior and great patron of music. One of the nine gems of his court was the Hindustani classical musician Tansen.[9] He was patron of Dhrupad genre from Hindustani Classical Music.[10]
Conflict with Sikander Lodi
The newly crowned Man Singh Tomar was not prepared for an invasion from
Sikander Lodi then marched towards Gwalior, but after crossing the
In 1504, Sikander Lodi resumed his war against the Tomaras. First, he captured the Mandrayal fort, located to the east of Gwalior.[13] He ransacked the area around Mandrayal, but many of his soldiers lost their lives in a subsequent epidemic outbreak, forcing him to return to Delhi.[14] Sometime later, Lodi moved his base to the newly established city of Agra, which was located closer to Gwalior. He captured Dholpur, and then marched against Gwalior, characterizing the expedition as a jihad. From September 1505 to May 1506, Lodi managed to ransack the rural areas around Gwalior, but was unable to capture the Gwalior Fort because of Man Singhs's hit-and-run tactics. A scarcity of food resulting from Lodi's destruction of crops forced Lodi to give up the siege. During his return to Agra, Man Singh ambushed his army near Jatwar, inflicting heavy casualties on the invaders.[15]
Having failed in capturing the Gwalior Fort, Lodi decided to capture the smaller forts surrounding Gwalior. Dholpur and Mandrayal were already in his control by this time. In February 1507, he captured the Uditnagar (Utgir or Avantgarh) fort lying on the
Palaces
The 15th century Gujari Mahal is a monument of love by Raja Man Singh Tomar for his queen, Mrignayani. Due to the friction between Mrignayani and his other wives as Mrignayani was of lower caste, Raja Man Singh built the separate palace for her below the Gwalior fortress. Mrignayani demanded a separate palace with a constant water supply from the River Rai, she demanded to be always with the king in war. The outer structure of the Gujari Mahal has survived in an almost total state of preservation, the interior has been now converted into an archaeological museum.
Within Gwalior Fort, also built by Man Singh Tomar, is the Man Mandir Palace,[19] built between 1486 CE and 1517 CE. The tiles that once adorned its exterior have not survived, but at the entrance, traces of these still remain. Vast chambers with fine stone screens were once the music halls, and behind these screens, the royal ladies would learn music from the great masters of those times.
References
- ISBN 978-0-14-193742-7.
Other claiming to be Rajput and descent from Solar and lunar lines established themselves as local kings in Western and Central India. Among these were the Chandelas present in 12th century in Bundelkhand, the Tomaras also subject to the earlier Pratiharas ruling in Haryana region near Dhilaka, now Delhi, around 736 AD and later established themselves in Gwalior region
- ^ Chob Singh Verma, The glory of Gwalior, page 68
- Matthew Atmore Sherring, Hindu Tribes and Castes, Volume 1, Page 139
- ^ Sir Alexander Cunningham, Archaeological Survey of India, Four reports made during the years, 1862-63-64-65, Volume 2, Page 387
- ISBN 978-0-14-193742-7.
Other claiming to be Rajput and descent from Solar and lunar lines established themselves as local kings in Western and Central India. Among these were the Chandelas present in 12th century in Bundelkhand, the Tomaras also subject to the earlier Pratiharas ruling in Haryana region near Dhilaka, now Delhi, around 736 AD and later established themselves in Gwalior region
- ISBN 9781614511854.
- ^ "GORGEOUS GWALIOR | Freepress Journal". Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
- ^ "हिंदी खबर, Latest News in Hindi, हिंदी समाचार, ताजा खबर".
- ^ Girīśa Caturvedī, Sarala Jag Mohan, Tansen, page 20
- ^ Ritwik Sanyal, Richard Widdess, Dhrupad: tradition and performance in Indian music, page 48
- ^ Kishori Saran Lal 1963, p. 155.
- ^ Kishori Saran Lal 1963, p. 174.
- ^ a b Kishori Saran Lal 1963, p. 175.
- ^ Kishori Saran Lal 1963, p. 176.
- ^ Kishori Saran Lal 1963, p. 177.
- ^ Kishori Saran Lal 1963, pp. 177–178.
- ^ a b Kishori Saran Lal 1963, p. 179.
- ^ Kishori Saran Lal 1963, p. 184.
- R. Nath, Islamic architecture and culture in India, page 63
Bibliography
- Kishori Saran Lal (1963). Twilight of the Sultanate. Asia Publishing House. OCLC 500687579.