Martín de Azpilcueta
Martín de Azpilcueta | |
---|---|
Crown of Castille | |
Died | 1 June 1586 |
Era | Renaissance philosophy |
Region | Western philosophy |
School | Thomism School of Salamanca |
Main interests | |
Notable ideas | Quantity theory of money |
Martín de Azpilcueta (Azpilkueta in Basque)
Life
He was born in
At the age of eighty, he went to
Azpilcueta died in Rome at the age of 94.[3] He is buried in the national Church of San Antonio de' Portoghesi. Among other lives of Azpilcueta there is one by his nephew, prefixed to the Roman edition of his works.
Works
His Manual de confesores y penitentes (1549), originally written in Spanish, was enormously influential in the fields of canon law and ethics, and by the first quarter of the seventeenth century, it had gone through 81 editions.
In this work, Azpilcueta argued that the use of "money in exchanges is not unnatural," as Aristotle had claimed, and "put money on the same level as any other merchandise, and, consequently, established that the morality of exchanges did not depend on money as their object but on an equitable exchange."[6] In his work on the revenues of benefices, first published in Spanish (Salamanca, 1566), translated into Latin (1568), and dedicated to Philip II of Spain and Pope Pius V, he maintained that beneficed clergymen were free to expend the fruits of their benefices only for their own necessary support and that of the poor.
In the face of use by the reformed Church of natural languages in their liturgy and divulgation, the Catholic Counter-Reformation reacted by hanging onto Latin. On the other hand, Azpilcueta supported the use of vernaculars in his 1545 Commento en Romance released in Coimbra, writing down the prayers Our Father, Hail Mary, and Creed both in Latin and Romance, i.e. Castilian, coming up against the opposition of the defenders of the Latin tradition.[7]
Later, he had to explain in his 1586 Miscellaneum centum that vernaculars had been used before, as approved by bishops and inquisitors, citing "a pious and knowledgeable Cantabrian", referring to Sancho de Elso from Estella, who had used Basque in different prayers. He partially put down the unfamiliarity of "the rustic dwellers and highlanders" with the Christian teachings to the use of Latin, "instead of their native language, learning them by heart".[7]
He wrote numerous other works, e.g. on the
Other works
- Consilia et responsa (in Latin). Vol. 1. Lyon: Jean Baptiste Buysson. 1594.
Time Value of Money
Azpilcueta allegedly invented the mathematical concept of the time value of money.[8]
See also
- Doctrine of mental reservation
- Equivocation
- Tomás de Mercado, another "Iberian monetarist"
- Pedro Agerre Azpilikueta, Basque prominent writer and maternal relative
References
- ^ Aspilcueta, Azpilcoeta, Navarrus, Doctor Navarrus
- ^ Hutchinson, Marjorie (1952). The School of Salamanca; Readings in Spanish Monetary Theory, 1544-1605. Oxford: Clarendon.
- ^ a b c d Martin de Azpilcueta, On Exchange. CLP Academic, 2014, p.xxii.
- ^ Martin de Azpilcueta, On Exchange. CLP Academic, 2014, p.xxiii.
- ^ Martin de Azpilcueta, On Exchange. CLP Academic, 2014.
- ^ Martin de Azpilcueta, On Exchange. CLP Academic, 2014, p.xxxiii.
- ^ a b Jimeno Aranguren, Roldan. "Contrareforma y lengua: regulación jurídica y praxis en Navarra". Visiones poliédricas sobre la conquista de Navarra: 140–141.
- ISSN 2299-0518.
- Giraud, Bibli. Sacr., II 334-336 (gives list of his writings)
- Hugo von Hurter, Nomenclator, (1892), I, 124-127
- ISBN 978-84-9027-443-9
- Attribution
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Martin Aspilcueta". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.