Martin Luther Smith

Martin Luther Smith
Martin Luther Smith
	Major General (CSA)
Battles/wars	Mexican–American War; American Civil War
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Martin Luther Smith (September 9, 1819 – July 29, 1866) was an American soldier and civil engineer, serving as a major general in the Confederate States Army. Smith was one of the few Northern-born generals to fight for the Confederacy, as he had served most of his early military career in the South with the United States Army's topographical engineers, marrying a native of Athens, Georgia. He planned and constructed the defenses of Vicksburg.

Bust of Smith by Henry Hudson Kitson at Vicksburg National Military Park, 1911

Early life

Smith was born in

D. H. Hill, and Abner Doubleday.^[1] His initial assignment was in Florida

, where he surveyed the terrain and drew maps for army usage. In 1846, he married a Georgia woman and subsequently raised a family.

He served as an engineer during the

first lieutenant in 1853. Three years later, he was elevated to captain

. He resigned from the army on April 1, 1861, to side with the Confederacy.

Civil War

After resigning, he was commissioned as a

brigadier general and transferred back to the engineers. In May, he took charge of constructing the defenses of Vicksburg, Mississippi, as well as leading a division. Indeed, the multi-volume Official History of the Civil War, entitled War of the Rebellion, credits 'Brigadier General M.L. Smith' with giving the Official Confederate Response to the Union's May 18, 1862 demand that Vicksburg surrender to the Union. After the town finally fell in July 1863, he was captured and was held as a prisoner of war for seven months.^[2]

He was exchanged in early 1864 and briefly was the head of the Engineer Corps for the entire Confederate Army from March until April, when he became the chief engineer for the

P.G.T. Beauregard

. He remained in Mobile until the city fell to Union forces, and then returned home to Athens, where he surrendered in May 1865.

Postbellum life

Smith moved to Savannah, Georgia, soon after the war ended and established a civil engineering company. He died less than a year later. At the time of his death, he was chief engineer of the railroad system that linked Selma, Alabama, with Dalton, Georgia (the Selma, Rome and Dalton Railroad).^[3] He is buried in Oconee Hill Cemetery in Athens, Georgia.^[4]

A bust of General Smith stands at the Vicksburg National Military Park. It was sculpted in 1911 by Henry Hudson Kitson.